Part 3 of Health Campaign Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Section 3 of Health Campaign - Essay Example the objective populace by inspecting worldwide ramifications, natural elements, and infection counteraction; and (4) to give an outline of helpful the study of disease transmission or other information models chiefs may use to settle on choices on the ground and to envision future patterns on stoutness. The issues that encompass stoutness undermining the wellbeing state of the American populace can't be overemphasized. Sound People 2010 proffered a complete talk on explicit targets, offices associated with checking and legitimately tending to heftiness related issues, the models and frameworks utilized for observing this ceaseless disease and epidemiologic reconnaissance frameworks and apparatuses which manage network based wellbeing experts and at last, national offices in prescribing answers for this predicament. The extent of the wellbeing effort to battle and forestall weight on a wide scale level included an assessment of the objective populace, just as the network based reaction to the issue. Beginning from the grass root level of distinguishing the underlying drivers and identifying the particular methodologies that networks intend to execute as a methods for tending to and forestalling weight inside their regions, the way to anticipation is put forth progressively practical and doable through composed attempts of both nearby and national offices. The basic jobs of pioneers in networks and organizations, just as financing and social showcasing which add to the advancement of a solid way of life and in upholding procedures to at last forestall corpulence were recently recognized. In such manner, this paper is composed with the goal of building up a wellbeing effort on stoutness as one of the national issues recognized in Healthy People 2010, explicitly concentrating on the accompanying: (1) to suggest the execution of a crusade for corpulence to improve populace wellbeing tending to social, monetary, and social components; (2) to suggest approaches, for example, programs, arrangements, laws, and natural angles,

Cellphones At School essays

Cellphones At School articles Mobile phones ought to be restricted from rustic schools. There is no purpose behind them in provincial schools, they are an interruption, lastly they could help in vicious To start with, there is no purpose behind them. There are methods of getting tightly to whoever you need(parents). On the off chance that you have to call your folks; the workplace will be more than happy to let you use there telephone. Additionally, there are Next, they are an interruption. You wouldn't care for it in class in the event that you were taking your finals telephone rang in class. You wouldn't pay a bit of regard for what your were doing you consideration on them. You would likely misfortune your Last, mobile phones can help into savage acts. Individuals can get out caution; it's opportunity to arrive not believe that can occur in your school however it truly At last, mobile phone ought to be restricted from country schools. There is no purpose behind them; they are a interruption; lastly they can result into savage very late book reports keep me enduring ... <!

Chronophobia or the Fear of Time

Chronophobia or the Fear of Time Phobias Types Print Chronophobia Is Characterized by a Fear of Time By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on June 19, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on December 12, 2019 Altrendo Images / Getty Images More in Phobias Types Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment In This Article Table of Contents Expand Prevalence Symptoms Treatments Prevention View All Back To Top Chronophobia is characterized by the  fear of the passage of time,?? usually, because people fear that their time on Earth is limited or have trouble tracking its passing. Even though time isnt fully concrete, some may consider it as a type of specific phobia, similar to how one would fear a cat or snake. Prevalence of Chronophobia Some populations experience chronophobia, the fear of time, more than others. In fact, since it is so common in prison populations it is sometimes known as prison neurosis.?? The elderly, as well as people facing terminal illnesses who worry that their time on Earth may be limited, may also face this fear.  Time becomes their enemy, and they fear it  because its passing will ultimately lead to their death. The fear of time also sometimes presents in the wake of severe trauma, such as a natural disaster, particularly if the daily routine is seriously disrupted.    It is also relatively common among shipwreck survivors and others who are trapped in a high-anxiety situation with no familiar means of tracking the passage of time. In fact, a sense of a foreshortened future has previously been used as one of the diagnostic criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).?? Symptoms Chronophobia is marked by a sense of derealization in which time seems to speed up or slow down. Some people develop circular thought patterns, racing thoughts, and symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Prisoners often mark down the days until their release.?? Many victims will also experience panic, anxiety, and claustrophobia, which are common symptoms of most phobias as well as common reactions to trauma. Panic attacks, sweating, shortness of breath, and even persistently haunting thoughts are also often reported, but only in extreme cases.?? Treatments In extreme cases, untreated chronophobia can lead to isolation, depression, and even increasingly disordered thinking. It is important to seek advice from a qualified mental health professional as soon as possible.?? Chronophobia responds well to such standard phobia treatments as cognitive-behavioral therapy and hypnotherapy. As it is closely linked with other disorders, however, it is best to diagnose and treat all concurrent conditions simultaneously.?? In some cases, psychiatrists may prescribe medications, but psychotherapy remains the primary treatment for phobias. Prevention of Chronophobia Since the fear of time is often caused by situations that cannot be fully controlled, like illness, it is difficult to prevent. More general anxiety and stress management techniques also exist.

Exploring Existentialism and the Character Leanord in the...

Exploring Existentialism and the Character Leanord in the Film, Memento Although Christopher Nolan does not acknowledge any philosophical basis for Memento, the film provides a character, Leonard Shelby, who serves as an example of several aspects of existentialism. Through Leonard, Memento illustrates Soren Kierkegaards idea of truth as subjectivity, Freidrich Nietzsches notion that God is dead, and Jean-Paul Sartres writings on the nature of consciousness. In Concluding Unscientific Postscript, Kierkegaard differentiates between the subject as the knower, and the world (object) as the known: the only way we know the world is through ourselves. Kierkegaard emphasizes the importance of how the subject is related to the truth,†¦show more content†¦Nietzsche points out that morals were not given to humans by God, nor was knowledge or instinct instilled in us by God: we have created morality just as we have decided standards for truth and explanations for our human nature, and so there is no transcendent external standard. If God is dead, there are no objective values and we are free to create our own values. Nietzsche says that although the death of God liberates us, leaving us free to rule ourselves, this results in a cage-like freedom: while no value is objectively right or true, if we can not choose then we are not free. Nietzsche supports the individual who, despite a lack of objective correctness or truth, makes a decision an yway, accepting responsibility for her self-created values and actions, knowing she is these actions. Jean-Paul Sartre provides explanation for the world in his definition of consciousness as existing as a being that is no thing: by inserting nothingness into the world, consciousness allows for being; (it worlds the world). He elaborates further, stating consciousness is not just free, it is freedom, since consciousness can never be the object it intends. According to Sartre, consciousness is the constant present: it serves as a nihilation of the past; by annihilating the past, what has been appears to us, giving us a sense of time. Since my consciousness can reflect on

The Overall Motives Of Banks Mergers And Acquisition - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 16 Words: 4871 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Chapter One 1.0 Introduction Over the years, the world have witnessed growth and development in the business world and will still record a lot more due to rapid technological growth in recent times. Merger and Acquisitions (MA) has contributed immensely to the worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s economic development and also helped indirectly to create stability in some industries in both developing and developed nations. A merger is usually the amalgamation of two or more companies running commercial activities. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Overall Motives Of Banks Mergers And Acquisition" essay for you Create order On the other hand, acquisition is where one company takes over another and the identity of the other company can be eradicated as it becomes part of a larger company. Most MAs between companies have occurred as a result of achieving economies of scale and penetrate into new markets. Many bank employees regard MA as a threat to their jobs as the period will record shareholders demand for reduction of workforce. It will also be problematic to execute Human resource management with, and the environment of MA due to the changes that will be recorded in the procedures and practices in the new company. The vast majority of mergers acquisitions research is correctional and focuses on publicly traded corporate entities, using quantitative secondary data made available by large number of databases (Meglio and Risberg, 2010). Background to the Study A significant change has been witnessed in the Nigerian banking sector over the years, in respect to ownership structure, number of institutions and locations, as well as the profundity of operations. There are some numbers of effects when companies merge or when one company acquires another company (Cigola and Modesti, 2008). This include reduced expense in production and management cost, deriving It was observed that downsizing, mergers, and acquisitions are examples of the radical organizational responses to increase global completion, improvements in technology, and government deregulation (Shook and Roth, 2010). The changes so far recorded have been predisposed mostly by the challenges posed by issues as globalization, deregulation of the financial sector, and the implementation of a decision making and prudential requirements that are in line with international standards. This is why some companies may deliberately choose to merge with any other readily available in its line of business. The benefits in most cases are much more than the losses if any is recorded. Mergers have also had effects on employees as the process usually leads to an upward or downward review of wages and salaries. There are also cases where the MA leads to downsizing of workforce as new technological operation techniques will be adopted and there will be less needed for human resource compared to the former way of operation. Bank Mergers and Acquisition A significant amount of research has been done to ascertain the success rate of MAs in banks to be able to draw conclusion on its profitability and efficiency (Behr and Heid, 2011). It was pointed out that despite the considerable prospective U.S banking mergers in the 1980s; many of them were not successful in achieving their aim due to the cost of efficiency. Banks have diverse reasons why they merge which relates to the business motives behind it such as managerial incentives (Wood, 2006). The banking industry was partly strengthened through MA as they use the merged assets to build a strong capital base for the bank and more assets that have appreciated value. Soludo (2004) enumerated the fundamental problems of the banks, particularly those classified as unsound, have been identified to include; persistent illiquidity, poor assets quality and unprofitable operations and further mentioned that their major problems also included weak governance , weak capital base, late publicat ions of annual reports, gross insider abuses and over dependence on public sector deposits. Many literatures indicates that banking sector reforms in Nigeria propelled by the need to deepen the financial sector and reposition for growth, to become integrated into the global financial design; and involve a banking sector that is consulting with regional integration requirement and international best practices (Somoye, 2010). Nigerian Banking Industry In the recent past, Nigerian banks have adopted poles apart strategies to achieve a predetermined least amount capital base during the banking sector consolidation in the year 2004 and 2005 which was put at twenty five billion Naira (Alao, 2010). This process saw a lot of banks in Nigeria to source for funds from all forms of businesses to meet up the demand and at a point, it was observed mergers or acquisition of smaller banks was the only way out of the regulation. MAs is a global phenomenon with an estimated four thousand deals taking place each year. Elumilade (2010) mentioned that banks are the linchpin of the economy of any country. He mentioned that banks in any every country play a vital position in respect to the countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s financial system and they could be regarded as vital agents for development process. Banks also are relevant through financial intermediation services and promote economic growth (Afolabi, 2004). According to Ibru (2006), there was a n embryonic phase of the Nigerian banking industry which began with the first set of banks started with the African banking corporation which had its headquarter in south Africa and was pioneering by the Nigerian banking system in 1892. In 1894 the British bank for West Africa which now known as the first bank while union bank of Nigeria plc formerly known as the Barclays D.C.O started in 1925. The British and French bank now united bank for Africa was established in 1949. Many other indigenous banks were established and they ushered in the era that saw the constant monopoly erstwhile enjoyed by the foreign owned banks (CBN, 2008) Central Bank of Nigeria and Market Recapitalization The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) in 2004 introduced a policy that made it mandatory for recapitalization to be carried out in the banking industry. This was mentioned as the fourth phase of the banks restructuring scheme and all banks should comply strictly before the end of 2005 (Afolabi, 2004). This led the emergence of twenty five consolidated banks and the process encouraged mergers and acquisition in many cases. They were 89 members of the Nigerian banking industry (NBI) prior to the recapitalization. It was recorded that the CBN in 2009 provided two hundred billion Naira to four undercapitalized banks after an audit was carried out which reported that they could face liquidity problems and needed funds to continue normal operations. In addition, the CBN decided to stabilize the system and return confidence to the markets and investors, an addition injection of six hundred and twenty billion naira of liquidity into the banking sector and there is a replacement of leadership i n eight banks which has given sector a little more balanced than its formal position (Sanusi, 2010). Relevance of the Research After the bank consolidation in 2005, it was mentioned in a CBN report that UBA Plc and First Bank of Nigeria have been effectively competing with multinationals in various aspects of international business. CBN Report (2007) also revealed that some Nigerian banks after the consolidation were able to register their presence in the developed countries like United States of America and United Kingdom as participate in foreign market areas of funds transfer and loans servicing. Mergers and acquisitions have for long attracted interest of many researchers in academics in trying to predict the outcomes of the deals (Meglio and Risberg, 2010). They further explained that the inconsistency in some research findings has necessitated the need for more integrative frameworks to grasp the complete phenomenon. Also, the researchersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ opinion aiming to explain mergers and acquisition outcomes in general have not been able to successfully develop and test a grand theory about MAs . Aim of the Study This research aims to look into the overall motives of banks mergers and acquisition as well as its impact on the Nigerian economy. Research Questions and Objectives Research Questions What are the implications of bank mergers and acquisition? What are the motives behind bank merger and acquisition? How does merger and acquisition impact on efficiency? How can merger and acquisition effect competition in the Nigerian banking sector? Research Objectives To critically evaluate mergers and acquisition in the banking sector To analyse the impact of merger and acquisition in the Nigerian banking sector To evaluate the success of UBA merger and acquisition To identify the success factors of UBA in Nigeria Banking sector Plan of the study The plan of this work has been structured to begin by providing a background of the area under discussion and justifying the need for the study in the first chapter. This would be immediate followed by review of literatures relating to similar issues and traditional views of mergers and acquisition in chapter two. The research method which will highlight how I intend to gather data will be presented in the third chapter. The data analysis and findings will be presented and discussed in chapters four which will be followed by the summary, conclusion and recommendation in chapter five. Summary This chapter gives an insight into the subject matter by examining the different related aspects of the subject that will contribute to the major focus of the other chapters. It is a known fact that MA has positive and negative impacts in any sector or environment where it has occurred and this will give us the opportunity to draw the impact of competition that will bring in the absence of a monopoly situation. Chapter Two Literature Review Recent studies show that the bank recapitalization process that took place in Nigeria in 2005 has been of great importance to the sector. Merger and acquisition across the world have had positive impact in the strength of the firm in most cases. The banking sector in Nigeria across the world has had course to experience MA in some cases and this helped them in restricting in various forms. The UBA merger with STB was a success as the experience of the first generation bank and agility of a new generation bank was put together to produce a stronger UBA Plc. History of Mergers and Acquisitions MA history time and again have surprises many people when they realise that the concept of MA are not new, and on the converse they are progressing from the early years. It helps us to understand the evolution of the concepts in the world. The economic watch (2011) mentioned that there are five major stages of MA which discussed as wave period. Each of these waves recorded its progress associated with it and has a technological support that gave rise to the era. Past experience has also shown that MA are triggered by economic factors. The period between (1897 1904) saw a lot of horizontal mergers as companies which enjoyed monopolistic competition over their area of production such as electricity and transcontinental railroads merging with others in same area. It mainly occurred between heavy manufacturing industries at that time. A lot of mergers failed towards the end of this phase as they could not get the desired efficiency and the state of world economy as at 1903 as well as the stock market crash on 1904 did not help matters. Chu (2010) reflected to the mergers in Canadian banks in 1889 to 1926 which could be referred to as both the first and second wave period. He explained that economist has not fully explored the mechanisms through which financial developments affects economic growths. Canadaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s growth trough MA under the period was under study was also associated with higher banking concentration and a wider branch network. Kling (2006) also agreed that the German universal system emerged around 1914 as the big banks in Berlin acquired smaller banks. This development supported industrial enterprise and external growth through industrial enterprise. The second wave or MA was recorded between 1916 and 1929 which were more between oligopolies as that of monopolies in the first era. The post world war economic boom after the First World War supported these mergers. Also, government policies as at that time started to encouraged compa nies to work together and technological innovation in areas of transportation provided the needed for such MA. Most of the mergers at this time were mainly horizontal or conglomerate in nature. Producers of key metals, petroleum products, food products, chemicals and transport equipments were mainly involved in the mergers of this period. Investment also supported very in merger as at the period but the great depression of 1929 and the stock market crash in same year brought period to an end. There were mainly conglomerate mergers as at 1965 to 1969 which was stimulated by sky-scraping stock prices, interest rates, and stringent enforcement of antitrust law in the third wave merger. This period did not end well as government were becoming too harsh towards them end of the period but a few companies did well in the 1970s. The fourth merger wave was within 1981 to 1989 recorded mergers in some industries such as airline, banking, oil and gas and pharmaceutical. There many cases of foreign takeovers and the period ended with anti takeover laws, reforms in financial institution and the gulf war. Kim and white (1998) analyzed almost all commercial banks mergers in the united states between 1985 and 1991, and found out evidence of decreasing cost efficiencies in most mergers, except for mergers between very large financial institutions. The small and medium commercial banks decreased efficiencies after merger. Globalization, stock market boom and deregulation in the telecommunication, banking and petroleum industries were major characteristics of the fifth merger. Most of the mergers at this time were geared towards profit maximization but the burst of the stock bubble also ended this era. Huyghebaert and Luypaert (2009) states that in the year 2007 alone, there almost forty thousand deals announced in respect mergers and acquisitions across the world. This accounted for an aggregate value deal value of one thousand, three hundred and forty-five billion dollar s. Ernst and Young (1995) also identified the alternatives of acquisition: financial, geographic, and symbiotic and absorption acquisitions. In the case of financial is where a company is bought into a holding company for the purpose of restructuring. The main objectives for the acquisition are mainly to eradication, reduce cost and improved efficiency. There are so many firms with ideas to change the world of business but lack the financial muscle to improve in research and development and or invest more into the existing findings. Any business speculator that gets hold of this will ensure that these ideas see the light of the day by an outright acquisition so as to finance the company for growth. Geographic acquisitions are intended to expand the acquirerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s core business across new frontiers. The term emerging markets rings a bell in business as every investor want to sell products and services where there is a ready market with a thriving huge population. In t he recent years, most businesses have moved their production sites to Asia where there cheap labour and n emerging market for the product. Some parts of Africa where there reasonable levels of stability have also seen to be good to expand into as a new frontier. The sales of mobile phone handsets the Nigerian market could be seen as a good example a new frontier for Chinese or Japanese phone manufacturers. Companies merge with others in a different location just to get access to the new location as well. Symbolic acquisitions are described as where newly acquired products and competencies are absorbed into the parents business but the acquired company retains a level of independence, absorption acquisition imply that the two businesses are fully integrated, with one effectively loosing identity. This is an effective business strategy as the name of the former company is like an asset and most customers may not continue with the product or services if the name is changed. The case of Tata acquiring land rover in 2009 is a suitable case where the name Tata is known for production of trucks and military vehicles, but land rover is known for luxury cars and as such the change of the name perceived with strength should remain to keep the market moving smooth. The case of absorption acquisition as mentioned before where one companies gradually losses identity could be seen in the case if Safeway supermarket and Morrisonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s supermarket where Safeway gradually faded away. Chen and Tan (2011) examined how the deregulation of financial services industry has intensified in some European countries a significant portion of business handled by banks. This is because the deregulated banks have more financial capacity to manage and finance businesses with a confidence of measuring up at the end of the day. There were two hundred and thirteen mergers during 1989 to 2004 with the acquirer of a European bank and the target of an insurance company. This was because the growth and success rate of mergers was lucidly clear to business world at time, in that firms were on the lookout for a similar thriving company that they could merge resource and ideas together to achieve economies of scale and reduced overhead cost. Koetter (2007) was of the view that prior to the merger targets perform poorly compared to acquirers in many merger cases. The increasing efficiency of a firm reduces the hazards of takeovers but increases the risk if bank failures. Therefore, the probability of takeovers and failures is influence significantly by efficiency. Imala (2005) identified eight reasons for merger and acquisitions in the financial service sector. The identified reason are in relation cost savings attributed to economies of scale as well as more efficient allocation of resources; revenue enhancement which is derived from the impact of consolidation on bank size, scope, and overall market power; risk reduction due to change in organisational f ocus and efficient organizational structure; new development which imposes a high fixed cost and need to spread these costs across a large customer base; the advent of deregulation which removed many important legal and regulatory barriers; globalisation which engender a more globally integrated financial service and geographical expansion of banking operations; financial stability characterised by the smooth functioning of various components of the financial system, with each component resilient to shock; shareholders pressure on management to improve profit margins and returns on investment made possibly by new and powerful shareholders blocks. Nigerian Banking Environment According to Adegbaju (2007), there have been remarkable developments in the Nigerian banking sector over the years. Mergers and acquisition in Nigerian banks to took place in 2004 / 2005 commenced after an announcement by the CBN that all commercial banks in Nigeria should upgrade their minimum capital base too twenty five billion Naira before the end of December 2005. Umoren, (2009) examined the benefits of the fortification and consolidation of the Nigerian banking system as it could be seen as the first phase where by such reforms are made to help to guarantee a well built and reliable banking sector that is also considered to be diversified to ensure depositors safety. The role of money in the development of any nation cannot be over emphasized and the Nigerian economy needs to be capable and competitive in the African continent particular as well as the world in general. Madabueze (2008) mentioned that the recent reforms in Nigeria banking sector which required the b anks to source for high capital base to the tune of twenty five billion naira which is put at approximately one hundred and ninety million dollars, recorded a sharp drop down of the number of banks from eighty-nine to less than twenty-four currently in operation. He further argued that this will enable the Nigerian banks to become relevant and active players in the international scene, helping the image of Nigeria as a financial capital of some sort of (china of Africa). The Nigerian economic policy was regarded as an economically fragile policy some decades before then but the recapitalization process has enable two recent developments which is a positive message to the international community. The CBN governor at that time, prof. Charles Soludo explained that before the recapitalization commenced, the Nigerian banks have not played their role in economic development because of their feeble and frail capital base and as such, there was a great need to strengthen them through the co nsolidation process. Madabueze (2007) opined that the crusade requesting the CBN to be flexible with their position of recapitalization did not involve bankers alone as members of the national assembly in Nigeria also requested the CBN to reverse its decision of recapitalization to the amount twenty five billion naira. Is was further observed as he mentioned that members of the public were completely against the move as they felt the process will worsen the situation and many of them started making panic withdrawals from their accounts. On the other hand, the CBN also had its fair supporters which included the former president of the federal republic of Nigeria, Olusegun Obasanjo who publicly showed his support for the twenty five billion capital base for banks, the Manufacturers association of Nigeria (MAN) who were completely in support of the policy claiming that it will enlarge the national economic base and help to position the real sector. Ogundele (2008) agreed that mer gers are essentially the amalgamation of two or more companies that of all or the parties must be in existence legally and the surviving company continues to function in its originally registered name. In some case, merged companies find themselves out of business and leave its assets and liabilities to the acquiring company. Williams and Rao (2006) focus on mergers and acquisition because they are events that correspond to considerable changes in the asset structure of the bank. Commercial bank faces different risk, capital structure and regulatory environments as against firms that have been traditionally studied for governance effects and managerial risk aversion. Owokalade (2006) observed the definition of mergers as posited by the company and allied matters act decree of 1990 that any amalgamation of the undertakings of two or more companies or the undertaking of two or more companies and one or more bodies corporate. He emphasized that a form of dealings combination whereby two or more companies join collectively to become one; being voluntary liquidated by having it interest taken by the other and its shareholders becoming shareholders in the blown up existing company. Kurfi (2010) is of the view that mergers as a principle of the combination of two or more companies that translate same business purposes and agree to come together and decide whichever the given name of one of the companies or absolutely take a new name. He further mentioned that amalgamation is another word for merger. Mergers usually occur between firms of almost same size and are usually friendly. In the case of Stanbic bank and IBTC bank, they arrive at a name StanbicIBTC bank plc after their merger and the resultant name was due to the friendship earlier involved and almost same size of the banks. Kazmi (2006) grouped merger into four: horizontal, vertical concentric and conglomerate mergers. Further explanation revealed that horizontal mergers takes place where there is a combination of two or more firms in the same business, or an organisation engaged in certain aspects of the production and marketing process. When there is a merger of two or more firms but necessary in the same business which might be complementary in supply of materials or marketing is referred to as a vertical merger. The concentric merger takes place when there is a combination of two or more firms related to each other in line of function, customer group or alternative technologies used. Conglomerate merger occurs when there is a combination of two or more firms that are unrelated in customer function, customer group, and alternative technologies. There are situations where a company gets involved in all the above listed forms of mergers. For example, HP a computer and printers giant has merged with Compaq recently and before then acquire Apollo computers which related, acquired Agilent technologies which were into chemicals and medical business, acquired Mercury Interactive wh ich was a software company. The UBA Merger Mergers and acquisition is simply a different approach encourage survival of the fittest is to give rise to a stronger, more efficient, better structure and skilled industry. The Guardian Newspaper reported in 2005 the UBA merger started with separate meetings where that boards of directors of UBA and Standard Trust Bank Plc accepted the arrangement for a union of both financial institutions. The bank aimed to become the biggest bank in West African and one of the largest in Africa. When they considered the assets of both banks before the merger, it was observed that had a formidable asset base after accessing their portfolios at that time and when is been concretised, they could customers from all sectors of the economy. It has over 100 branches spread out strategically across the country in what is described as the largest truly online real-time banking network in sub-Saharan Africa. It is often referred to as Nigerias neighbourhood bank. This derives from its national orienta tion in terms of geographic spread and continuing national expansion. Wheelen and Hunger (2008) confirmed that UBA the former Trade bank and Citi express bank because the firms were different in sizes and as such they can either be friendly or hostile. Todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s UBA is a merger between two predecessors banks, legacy UBA and Standard Trust Bank (STB) which were ranked third and fifth in size respectively prior to the 2005 CBN reform and consolidation programme. It was a huge success as the ability to anticipate industry trends, coupled with the banks agility, enabled them to be the first successful merger in the history of Nigerian banking industry, thus creating the current UBA plc which its management rates as the largest financial services institution on West Africa. As the economies of Nigeria and Africa continues to improve, following the established path of the emerging market; i.e. increased political stability, improved government finances, growing dom estic consumer demand, high commodity prices and significant improvement in the economic indicators, the UBA is well positioned as a warrant on the African renaissance story. The presence of UBA in all commercial centres and major cities in Nigeria and Ghana has earned the bank the nickname: the neighbourhood bank. This appellation ties in with the UBA brand promise. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The wise choiceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? and guides our retail distribution strategy which enable us to deliver exactly should be expected by both potential and existing customers of the bank in respect to proximity, choice, convenience and customization. UBA is a bank that is operating out of two of the most vibrant economies in the sub region; Nigeria and Ghana, the new |UBA combines the financial strength of fifty-seven year UBA and the young , innovative and technology driven dynamism of the then STB. UBA has maintained a consistent and solid financial performance in its forty-five year history since it beg an business in 1961. The bank has record history of leading and pioneering innovations in Nigerian financial sector. It is the first ever and only Nigerian bank to surpass the one trillion balance sheet size with contingents inclusive. It is the only sub-Saharan African bank excluding republic of South Africa that has a branch in New York, USA. UBA was ranked the number one bank in Nigeria in 2007, and bank of the year award (Thisday, 2007). This was due to the banks outstanding performance in the banking sector. Euromoney (2000) confirmed that UBA was the best domestic bank in Nigeria and was the first among international banks to be registered under Nigerian law. The bank has received excellence credit ratings both short and long term, global credit rating (SA) AA+ and A+ in 2005.UBA is the first Nigerian bank to offer an IPO following its listing on the Nigerian stock exchange in 1970. UBA was the first Nigerian bank to introduce a Cheque Guarantee Scheme known as the UBACA RD in 1986. It was the first bank to introduce the Nigerian Government Bond index in 2006. It was also the only Nigerian company with the GDR programme. The GDR is a negotiable certificate representing ownership of shares. They are quoted and traded in US dollars and the dividends are paid in same currency. It is specially designed to facilitate the purchase, holding and sale of non US securities by foreign investor. This GDR programme enables foreign institutional investors to hold and trade UBA shares without having to expatriate funds into Nigeria. This Depositary Receipt (GDR) is preferred by some investors who are unable to hold Nigerian securities for compliance reasons or due to a lack of the appropriate infrastructure for holding an ordinary share. The GDR also trade, clear and settle according to international market conventions rather than those prevalent in Nigeria (UBA Report, 2008) West Africa and indeed everywhere the bank has presence. It is simple, elegant, vib rant and memorable, combining the mustard seed of legacy STB and the typographic execution of the letters UBA, predominantly in red and white. During the period of the former standard trust bank plc (STB Plc) acquired 27.34% of the United Bank for Africa Plc (UBA plc) and this transaction resulted not a merger between the two banks, whereby all assets and liabilities of standard trust bank Plc were transferred to UBA Plc. The entire share capital of STB was cancelled and STB was dissolved without being wound up and the shareholders of STB were allotted UBA shares.

The Psycho Social Aspect Of The Disorder Essay - 1403 Words

Eating disorders have always been prevalent in society for centuries, and it is partly due negative body image. A negative body image is the when people perceive themselves in a damaging manner. Anorexia nervosa (AN) is not an exception. 1 in a 100 people are suffering from this eating disorder, with only 10% of these individuals being male. Half of those with believing they are obese, when in fact that are underweight. The thought of being obese contributes to the negative body image and the continuation their self-starvation. Even though interventive programs have been created, there are not very many programs focus on the psycho-social aspect of the disorder. Introduction The purpose of this this study is to examine the psycho-social aspect of AN and how this new knowledge could possibly improve the effects of intervention, and reducing relapse after patients had completed the intervention program. Individuals that suffer from anorexia nervosa typically experience body dissatisfaction. This dissatisfaction is considered negative body image, and it worsens the disease. Ideally if it is possible to improve the body image of those with AN, then it is possible to lessen the affects of the disease which could lead to a cure. It is hypothesized that women’s negative body image as portrayed in the media exacerbates anorexia nervosa in those who already suffer from AN preventing successful recovery. The specific aims of this study is to reduce cognitive distortions related toShow MoreRelatedLJones Perceptions And Causes Ofpsycho Pathology1634 Words   |  7 Pages Perceptions and Causes of Psycho-Pathology Linda Jones Dr. Harold Beaman PSYCH/650-Psychopathology March 2, 2015 Introduction In principle, psychopathology is the scientific study of mental disorders and their origin; in addition, this field of study examines the causes, development, and possible treatment for the disorders. 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Information Security for Level of Importance to Confidentiality

Question: Discuss about theInformation Security for Level of Importance to Confidentiality. Answer: Confidentiality When a client uses card and a PIN (personal identification number) to gain access to their account using ATM, they expect the PIN to be confidential to the host system of the transactions and communication channel between web host system and bank website server (Bulgurcu, Cavusoglu Benbasat, 2010). Level of importance to confidentiality In situation where a PIN is unsecure when carrying out a transaction, it could lead to compromise of the account. Therefore, it needs to be encrypted well. Integrity The client expects t transaction data to remain the same without any detrimental or accidental changes. Degree of important on integrity An example to illustrate this concept: Think about a client who withdraws $ 600 and the balance expected on the account should be 5500 USD. Instead of the system showing a balance 5500 dollars to the account, it accidently updates 5200 USD. To the part of the client this is a loss since more money has been deducted. It is important to note that as much as the transaction impact on the customer account directly, the integrity of transactions should be protected. Availability ATM machine should be accessible to serve the customers needs the times. Degree of importance of availability It improves the financial progress of financial institution, thus, ATM should be functional and efficient always (Hannan Asif, 2017). Since the thief broke 5 different keys and Alice was able to enter her PIN, he should use the remaining 5 keys. Hence, the total number of the possible keys is calculated as follows; 4- The pin is 4 digits 5- The remaining number of keys since the rest were broken 54 = 625 625 is the number of keys the thief may have to try in the worst case to gain an access to Alice account. Question 3 There are various factors which might be reluctant to use biometric for authentication they are as follows; Cost factor: The cost of biometric is very high compared to the authentication techniques (Hannan Asif, 2017). The biometric systems are costly when compared with the other security measures for authentication, for example passwords and the personal identification numbers (Whitman Mattord, 2011). So whilst the biometrics could offer an extra security, the costs currently has outweighed advantages in many of the cases. Point of the failure: In most of the cases, biometric authentication needs is dependent to the lighting. This could cause problems when it comes to using login techniques (Whitman Mattord, 2011). In the event there was unfortunate accidents that could occur, physical features that are used for the biometric authentication could get changed. This would cause some complexities when it comes to the authentication at a later time. Users might hesitate to use the biometric authentication because the devices are non-cancellable. This means parts which are ruined or even worse in an accident is certainly not easily substituted for instance forgotten password (Whitman Mattord, 2011). This is the reason why people have multiple finger-print scanned when they enlist for the fingerprint biometrics (Safa, Sookhak,Von, Furnell, Ghani Herawan, 2015). Additionally, you will discover security issues and the fear for the possible mishandle to the data and misuse of the data is the major reasons that explain precisely why individuals are cynical to adopting biometric security procedures which includes biometric passports. A false negative is when the biometric systems fail in recognizing an authentic person, which led to something occurring. Depending on what the aspects there could be some serious consequences. Personal: The owner of the safe could be prevented from gaining access to the safe, which lead them unable to access a necessary resource. Institutional: In an instance where server infrastructure is down, organization need to access their data center to restore service (Jain, Ross Pankanti, 2006). Each minute organization losses a lot of money and if the biometric system does not recognize the customer, they continue losing more money and reputation. When biometric is used as the primary affirmation framework for entering the premises it can bring in hindering of resources (Peltier, 2016). At the level of utilizing fingerprints that are identifiable tool for proof to distinguish lawbreakers the false antagonistic might result to not the right individual being charged. In a situation wherein biometric would not acknowledge entry of office security personal and there have been a case where theft happened in an enterprise and biometric authentication provides an having access to all the other except security personnel. Cipher is usually the end product to an encryption which is made to plain text through use of algorithm regarded as Cipher. It entails a series of steps which could be followed as the procedure (Gordon Loeb, 2002). To encipher is converting information into the cipher or code. Cipher is the synonymous with the code since they are both set of steps which encrypts the message. Cipher text that is encrypted text. It means when the text has been sent through use of any media software application (Gordon Loeb, 2002). It will be encrypted. Therefore, no third party or individual could read the text. Those that are not invited to read the text would not be able only the receiver for whom the text is sent can be read the message in its original text form (Peltier, T. R. (2016). The plain text is what one has before any encryption has been done. Moreover, Cipher text is the information which is encrypted as it contains original plaintext and it is unreadable by human or a computer without u tilizing a proper cipher in order to decrypt it (Peltier, 2016). The plain text for the below encrypted text through use of key 13 is NTJWKHXK AMK WWUJJYZTX MWKXZKUHE when the text has been decrypted it become as follows; AGWJXUKX NZX JJHWWLMGK ZJXKMXHUR. References Bulgurcu, B., Cavusoglu, H., Benbasat, I. (2010). Information security policy compliance: a empirical study of rationality-based beliefs and information security awareness. MIS quarterly, 34(3), 523-548. Gordon, L. A., Loeb, M. P. (2002). The economics of information security investment. ACM Transactions on Information and System Security (TISSEC), 5(4), 438-457. Hannan, S. A., Asif, A. M. A. M. (2017). Analysis of Polyalphabetic Transposition Cipher Techniques used for Encryption and Decryption. International Journal of Computer Science and Software Engineering (IJCSSE), 6(2), 41-46. Jain, A. K., Ross, A., Pankanti, S. (2006). Biometrics: a tool for information security. IEEE transactions on information forensics and security, 1(2), 125-143. Peltier, T. R. (2016). Information Security Policies, Procedures, and Standards: guidelines for effective information security management. CRC Press. Safa, N. S., Sookhak, M., Von Solms, R., Furnell, S., Ghani, N. A., Herawan, T. (2015).Information security conscious care behaviour formation in organizations. Computers Security, 53, 65-78. Whitman, M. E., Mattord, H. J. (2011). Principles of information security. Cengage Learning.