Women, Sisters, And Wives Women Essay - 1485 Words

Princesses, Sisters, and Wives: Women Portrayed in Ancient Greece It is convenient to pride modernity for all the progression it has made since ancient times, particularly when it comes to gender equality. In Homer’s The Odyssey and Sophocles’ Antigone, the ancient societal view of women is blatant in the text whether it is in Creon’s sexist remarks or referring to the disloyal maids of Odysseus as â€Å"sluts, who lay with suitors† (Homer, XXII.516), but in these same works, this status quo is challenged by providing many examples of hospitable, strong willed, and dedicated women. In Antigone specifically, the plays overarching theme of righteousness standing up against powerful corruption is analogous to the gender specific struggle of having societal views of, in the case of the Ancient and Classical Greeks, inferiority enforced upon women. These works provide an ancient cultural outlook on women but challenges them through the characters, such as a xenia filled princess, an idealistic, fiery sister, and a faithful ye t skeptical wife. The cultural outlook upon women is very clear from both of these narratives. At the beginning of Antigone, Ismene reminds her sister, â€Å"We must remember we are women, / so not to fight with men.† (Sophocles, 61-62) This internalized hopelessness enflames Antigone’ frustration and connects to the larger ethos of truth that is defined by Plato: â€Å"True reality will be denied by the individuals who have not witnessed other realities, believing that theShow MoreRelatedDiscrimination Of Women In The Color Purple By Alice Walker712 Words   |  3 PagesNearly three in ten women are in a, or have been in an abusive relationship. The Color Purple by Alice Walker is a novel about a girl named Celie, and her sister Nettie, who are stuck in the south in the early twentieth century. 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Notes On Value Of Money - 1031 Words

In this chapter 4, Time Value of Money we discussed about Future Value, Present Value, Rates of return and Amortization. Future value is the value of an asset at a particular date that means a given sum of money is â€Å"worth† at a specified time in the future with certain interest. It is product of present value and accumulation function. Present value also known as Present Discounted value. It is less or equal to the future value because of money has interest rate. For example â€Å"A dollar today is worth more than a dollar tomorrow† because it can be invested and earn a day’s worth of interest so it makes more than a dollar tomorrow. A rate of return is measure of profit as a percentage of investment. Suppose I invest $500 in a business, and it†¦show more content†¦The important thing is Amortization refers intangible, Depreciation refers tangible and depletion refers to natural resources. CHAPTER 5 In chapter 5, Bonds, Bond Valuation, and Interest rates we discussed mainly about key features of Bonds, Bond valuation, measuring yield and Assessing risk. Generally Bonds are income investments, the bond’s issuer agrees to pay a certain rate of interest at regular intervals for a set period until the bond matures or the principal is repaid. The features are set maturity dates, Interest payments, Principal Investment Repayment, credit ratings, callable bonds, minimum investment. The benefits are reliable source of income, liquidity, and exempt from taxation, low risk. Bonds are classified into different type’s corporate bonds (money borrowed by institution or corporation), Municipal Bonds (are issued by states, countries, cities and local) and Us Government securities. Bond valuation is determines the fair value of a particular bond. It calculates the present value of the bond’s future interest payments (cash flow), and the bond’s value upon maturity, als o known as its face value or par value. Yield curve risk refers to the probability that the yield curve will shift in a manner that affects the values of securities tied to interest rates- particularly bonds. Also known as the term structure of interest rates, the yield curve is a graph that plots the yields of similar quality bonds against their maturities, ranging from shortest

Islamic Finance for Journal of Economic Surveys-myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Islamic Finance for Journal of Economic Surveys. Answer: Introduction The main purpose of this assignment is to identify the similarities and differences which are present between Islamic and Conventional finance framework. In order to understand the difference between Islamic finance and conventional finance system, it is essential to first understand what the key concepts which are used in Islamic finance[1]. Modern Financial Institutions are solely based on interests which is as per Muslim law is against Sharia and it is expected that Muslims do not keep money with such financial institutions. A non-performing loan is a loan which was granted by the financial institution on which no schedule payments have been made for a period of more than 90 days. Such loans are either in default or at the risk of getting default. In other words, any loan amount which is expected to be in default then the loan is termed as a non-performing loan. In addition to this, if the debtor fails to make payments within specified period than also such will be considered as a non-performing loan. In case of a non-performing loan the lender has the right to take necessary actions to recover the principal amount of the loan. This is mostly seen when the loan is covered by an asset as a security for loans. The conventional bank will take steps like seize the asset, foreclosure process. In case of Conventional banks non-performing loans can be sold to investors in order to reduce the risks associated with a non-performing loan and in the process clean up their balance sheet. In the case of both Islamic financing institutions and conventional institutions, non-performing loan affect the business and therefore it is up to the management to manage the same effectively. In case of conventional banking system, where non-performing loans have been identified and there is a risk of default which is related to the loan than the bank in general cases creates provisions for such loans. Such non-performing loans are firstly classified on the basis of criteria which is substandard and doubtful debts. On the basis of such classifications the provisions for such debts are created. The provisions which is created for doubtful debts are generally more than the substandard category. In the case of Islamic financing as well the banks need to effectively manage non-performing loans[2]. The purpose of identifying of non-performing loan is to ensure that the banks are able to create provisions so that the impact and risks which are associated with loan term loans can be averted. A case study shows tha t Islamic banks are affected by non-performing loans and the essence of a non-performing loan is because it reflects the channelization of the loans and financing. Moreover, research show that high Non-performing loans for an Islamic bank and Conventional banks is a cause for the fall in profitability of the banks. Thus, it is important for both Islamic and conventional banks to effectively measure and maintain non-performance loans. As the risk and rewards are both shared by investors the non-performing assets risks also fall on the investors or depositors of such banks. In case of short term as well long-term loans which are to be issued by Islamic financial institutions, the viability of the project is to be analyzed carefully by the investors and then the loan amount is to be approved. As the risks of non-performing loans are to bear the investors the system is that the loan needs to be approved by the investors after he is satisfied by the viability of the project[3]. In case o f further defaults in the payment of the non-performing loans the banks can impose penalty on such non-performing[4]. The penalty which is imposed by the banks are used for the purpose of charity. As per the research the Islamic banks are developing in most parts of Saudi Arabia, parts of the middle east as well. In case of Islamic banks, equity-based sources of money are more preferred than debt-based sources. The depositors of an Islamic banks are basically shareholders of the banks. A bank which is more dependent on the equity sources like Islamic banks uses lending methods like mudarabah which is one-party joint partnership and a multi-party joint partnership which is known as musharaka. Moreover, the risks are shared by the depositors which is not the case in debt financing which is majorly used by conventional banks. In case of conventional banks, the risk are on mostly on the banks and not on the investors. another main difference between Islamic banks and Conventional banks which uses Equity financing and debt financing respectively is the basis of recording assets and liabilities in balance sheet. In case of Islamic banks, the asset side will contain certain cash which are kept as fixed assets and cash reserves and certain amount of equity as well and on the liability side investment profit and loss account deposits. As per the analysis of the work processes of a conventional banking system and Islamic banking system, Islamic banks are based on the profit and loss principle and does not charged interest whereas the conventional banks are dependent on the interest factor. The conventional banks charge interest on the loan amount which it lends to clients whereas no such interest is charged by Islamic banks and the main source of revenue is from the profits which are earned from investments which are shared with the depositors of such banks[5]. The main principles of an Islamic bank is based on the equity based policies which involves using the capital of its own and also the capital which it acquires from deposits which is used for investments through which profits for the banks are generated[6]. In case of conventional banks, the structure is based on debt policies. The major source of income for conventional banks is through lending of money as debts on which the bank charges interests following the time value of money concept[7]. As per the data which is available from secondary sources, it is clear that the Islamic banks are not responsible for the risks which are associated with the investment. In the case of Islamic banks, the risks are also to be bear by the investors same as they have share in the profits of the investments[8]. This is a point of difference between an Islamic bank and a conventional bank who borne all the risk part of the investors and also provides a fixed reward for the same. Hypothesis There is a wide range of differences between Islamic finance and conventional system of finance. The hypothesis which is used for the explanation of the same depends on the secondary data which is collected from various journals and works of other authors. The secondary data helps in the research and also is useful in developing the reasons and points which makes Islamic financing practices different from conventional system of financing[9]. The major difference which arises is that the conventional system of financing by institutions are heavily dependent on interest which is not the case in Islamic financing[10]. In the case of Islamic financing, the structure is based on the profit and loss principle which means that even though Islamic financing institutions are does not deal in interest as in the case of conventional institutions but share in the profits which are generated from the use of funds. The depositors of such Islamic institutions also have a share in the profits genera ted at pre-determined ratios which is stipulated by the institutions. The asset side of such Islamic bank show the transactions with the depositors in the asset side and transaction with the investment clients in the liability side. Whereas in the case of conventional institution shows taking deposits and paying interest and on the other side lending and charging interest are shown. In addition to this Islamic financing institution are based on the equity-based system, whereas the conventional banks are based on debt-based system. In case of conventional system, the shares capital of conventional system is that the nature of the capital is of permanent nature and in case of Islamic financial institution is that the capital is based on term investments. The process which is adopted by Islamic financial institutions for the purpose of accepting deposits from the public is quite different from the technique which is adopted by conventional financial institutions. The system which is fo llowed by Islamic financial institution follows the sharia or the rules of Islam. All the collection process of deposits is same in both cases of Islamic finances and conventional system of finance[11]. The point of difference lies in the area where the rewards are distributed for the deposits kept with institutions. In a conventional bank the rewards which are associated with deposits are fixed and generally provided in the form of interests. Whereas in the case of Islamic finance, the rewards are not fixed and the deposits are accepted through Musharaka and Mudaraba. Musharaka literally means to share profits in a partnership whereas Mudaraba is also related to sharing of profits. The difference between the two is that Musharak requires also involves sharing of losses strictly between the partners. Then there is the risk and return factor which is a point of difference between the two. In case of conventional system of financing the entire risks are borne by the banks and they pro vide securities to the depositors and the rewards totally belongs to the depositors. However, in the case of Islamic finance the both the risks and returns are equally shared by the depositors[12]. Thus, from the above discussions it can be clearly stated that there exists certain key difference in the principles which are followed and the structure of Islamic banks and conventional banks. Methodology The general differences and similarities of an Islamic banks and conventional banks can be analyzed through qualitative data analysis. Qualitative data refers to the facts and information which can be obtained for the purpose of a research through the works of other authors or journal other authors. The first step will be involving collection of data from various sources such as journals on conventional and Islamic banks which can provide information regarding the structure of the banks and also treatments of various items in the financial statements which are prepared by such banks. Then the next step will be involving detailed analysis of data which is collected from various journals and works of other authors in order to determine the structure and processes which are used by such banks and also the accounting treatments of deposits and payments and all other related information. As per the research, the financial statements can also be used to identify the difference in treatments of deposits and payments[13]. As per analysis, the partnership for profits and deposits are placed in the asset side whereas the transactions between the bank and the investment client are place on the liability side of a balance sheet. In case of a conventional banks, funds for which the banks nee d to pay interest are placed in the liability side and for the funds which are lend out and interest charged are placed in the asset side of the balance sheet[14]. Moreover, in case of Islamic banks as they do not charge interest or pay interest to the depositors of the banks, the treatments will be different for the profit sharing which is done in an Islamic bank in the financial statements. Thus, information about the difference in treatments can be collected by comparing the financial statements of both the types of banks. Then there is a difference in the strategies which are followed by Islamic banks in case of risks which are associated with the business. The risks are directly borne by the investors of the banks and not by the Islamic banks as it is in the case of conventional banks. Moreover in case of Islamic banks the principle of risk sharing is followed where the risks are shared by the depositors of the business. Results and Conclusion The results which can be drawn from the analysis work which is done above, it can be clearly stated that there exists difference between Islamic banks and conventional banks. There are various point of differences but the most crucial one is the basis on which the bank functions that is by charging and allowing interest from debtors and depositors respectively in case of conventional banks and by means of sharing profits for the investors of the company in case of Islamic banks. The Islamic banks strictly follows the Sharia framework where in some activities which are considered to unethical or prohibited in Islam are not allowed to be financed by such banks. Some of the restrictions which are discussed above relates to the prohibition of Islamic banks to allow or charge interest on the cash depositing and lending activities of the business. An aspect of Islamic finance which is not present in case of conventional banks is that the financing is either made on the principles of sharing risks and rewards or those financing which are backed by assets. Another unique feature of financing in an Islamic financing system is that it is in the form of mudaraba which can play an important role for overall development of the society. In Mudaraba form of financing a partnership is formed between funds which are provided by the banks and the skills which are there in a person who lacks the capital to have him backed and therefore it is an effective means to provide self- employment. From the analysis of the case it can be stated that the developing Islamic banks are not just there as a copy of conventional banking system. There has been difference in the working process of Islamic banks and conventional banks due to the Sharia principles which are followed by the Islamic banks. However, research shows that due to this sharia principle Islamic banks misses out on opportunities which conventional banks are able to enjoy such interest factor which covers up for the time vale of money aspect, investment in governmental bonds which bear significant amount of interests are missed out by Islamic banks. In spite of all this, the growth and development of Islamic banks have been tremendous in last two years in Pakistan and middle east countries. The system which are followed by conventional banks are different from that which are followed by Islamic banks. Reference Abedifar, P., et al., Islamic banking and finance: recent empirical literature and directions for future research.Journal of Economic Surveys, (2015)29(4), pp.637-670. Abedifar, P., Molyneux, P. and Tarazi, A., Risk in Islamic banking.Review of Finance,17(6), pp.2035-2096. (2013). Ahmed, H., Islamic banking and Shariah compliance: a product development perspective.Journal of Islamic finance.,(2014) 3(2), pp.15-29. Beck, T., Demirg-Kunt, A. and Merrouche, O., Islamic vs. conventional banking: Business model, efficiency and stability.Journal of Banking Finance, (2013)37(2), pp.433-447. Gheeraert, L. and Weill, L., Does Islamic banking development favor macroeconomic efficiency? Evidence on the Islamic finance-growth nexus.Economic modelling, (2015).47, pp.32-39. Iqbal, M. and Molyneux, P.,Thirty years of Islamic banking: History, performance and prospects. Springer. (2016). Karim, R.A.A. and Archer, S.,Islamic finance: the new regulatory challenge. John Wiley Sons. (2013.) Khan, M.S. and Mirakhor, A.,Theoretical studies in Islamic banking and finance. BookBaby. (2015). Makri, V., Tsagkanos, A. and Bellas, A., Determinants of non-performing loans: The case of Eurozone.Panoeconomicus, (2014).61(2), p.193. Rahman, I. and Sulfia, D.J.,Islamic Banking and Finance. Anchor Academic Publishing (2015). Samra, E., Corporate governance in Islamic financial institutions. (2016). karica, B., Determinants of non-performing loans in Central and Eastern European countries.Financial theory and practice, (2014).38(1), pp.37-59. Waemustafa, W. and Sukri, S., Systematic and unsystematic risk determinants of liquidity risk between Islamic and conventional banks. (2016) Wilson, R., The development of Islamic finance in the gulf cooperation council states.The Transformation of the Gulf: Politics, Economics and the Global Order, (2013).146, pp.47-76.

Whole Foods Individual Case, Financial Analysis Essay Example

Whole Foods Individual Case, Financial Analysis Paper This report is written in order to perform financial analysis on Whole Foods Market Inc and its competitor Safeway Inc. This in depth report is both to determine which company is doing financially better and how also how they are doing comparing them to their whole industry. The ratios in this report are going to be used to compare WF to its competitior and also to compare its financial performances to the whole Grocery store industry (SIC: 5411) to see how Whole Foods Inc is doing in regards to the whole industry. It is crucial to compare a company’s ratios with the industry’s, because they may appear good or bad when comparing with the company’s competitors, however, when comparing these ratios to the industry a different conclusion could be drawn. Another purpose of this paper is to show the trends and relationships of this company which will allow us to assess Whole Foods’ weaknesses and strength. In this report, you will come across profitability ratios, liquidity ratios and asset utilization ratios of both companies and also the industry’s. Background Both Safeway and Whole Foods Market are major players in the Grocery stores industry and they are both leading the natural organic food field. from a Wall Street perspective, the highest profile player in natural / organic foods is likely Whole Foods (WFMI). The company’s revenues have increased 18% a year, on average (Value line). The company’s merchandise line of over 1,500 items includes organically grown. he company owns about 287 store locations in 38 states and Washington, D. C. , as well as five stores in the U. K and Canada. We will write a custom essay sample on Whole Foods Individual Case, Financial Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Whole Foods Individual Case, Financial Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Whole Foods Individual Case, Financial Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer From 2010 through 2013, Whole Foods plans to open 53 new stores, including eight relocations(Plunkett research). The original whole foods Market opened in 1980 in Texas with a stuff of 19 only. Safeway Inc opened its first store in 1915 in Idaho. Safeway Stores, is one of the largest food retailers in North America, operating 1,712 stores. The company recently expanded its O Organics line of certified organic foods and beverages to over 300 exclusive products. Exhibit 1: source Industry ratios : retrieved November 4th 2010 from ,Reuters. om | | | |Whole foods | | | | | |2005 |2006 |2007 |2008 |2009 |Industry | |ROA |7. 22% |9. 98% |5. 69% |3. 39% |3. 88% |2. 38 | |Profit Margin |2. 90% |3. 63% |2. 77% |1. 4% |1. 83% |1. 8 | Exhibit 1 | | | |Safeway | | | | |2005 |2006 |2007 |2008 |2009 | |ROA |3. 56% |5. 35% |5. 03% |5. 52% |-7. 78% | |Profit Margin |1. 46% |2. 17% |2. 10% |2. 9% |-2. 69% | In analyzing the profitability ratios, we see that WF had better profit margin than Safeway ev ery year in the last five years, except 2008. However in 2009, WF’s profit margin was 0. 3%lower than the industry’s average. In 2008, safeway outperformed WF’s profit margins 0. 75%. However, in 2009 Safeway had a negative profit margin due to their net income loss. Looking at both company’s profit margins in 2008 and 2009, we can conclude that both companies are struggling to make high profit margins. WF’s (ROA) suggests a good profitability from 2005 to 2007; however, it started to decline in 2008 and 2009. WF’s (ROA) was 1. 5% higher than the average industry ratio. Safeway’s ROE rations were lower than WF’s every year in the past 5 years, except from 2008 again, where their ROA was 2. 13% higher than WF’s. This shows that WF’s has been doing a better job than Safeway at using its assets to generate a profit. Based on the Profit margin and ROA and we could conclude that WF is doing a better a job than Safeway at managing its assets efficiently in order to generate a profit. Moreover, we could also conclude that WF has been doing really well comparing it to the other compnay’s in the same industry since all its profitability ratios were higher than the industy’s. | | | | whole foods | |Industry | | |2005 |2006 |2007 |2008 |2009 |2009 | |inventory turover |26. 09 |26. 78 |24. 42 |23. 90 |23,27 |20. | | | | | safeway | | | | |inventory turnover |9. 92 |10. 58 |11. 08 |11. 72 |11. 43 | | Source: Industry ratios from Reuters. com, exhibit 1 Inventory turnover: Comparing inventory turnover is extremely crucial especially for the Grocery industry where it all comes down on how fast you sell your inventory. Every year since 2005, Whole food’s inventory turnover is more than twice. This reveals that whole Foods turns its inventory twice as fast as Safeway. This high inventory turnover demonstrates WF’s strong sales. This could explain the company’s revenues that have been increasing18% a year, on average, so far this decade. By comparison, Kroger and Safeway (SWY) have seen their revenues increase at low single-digit rates over the same stretch( Value line. com). WF fast growth could be also explained by the growth in consumption of organic food, it jumped from 5 Billion $ in 1997 to almost 25 billion in 2008( look at exhibit 5). Revenue Growth of Whole Foods. Source  : Retreived Novermber 4th, from http://www. plunkettresearchonline. com database [pic] We can see from this charts that sales have been constantly growing over the past decade and that is the best growth in sales in the supermarket industry ( Standard and poors). Advanced dupont method Chart3 , exhibit 1 Metric  : I belive that there are many important metric in the retail industry, but the most important one is sales per square foot. | | | |Whole foods | | | |2005 |2006 |2007 |2008 |2009 | |RONA |9. 54% |15. 70% |8. 12% |5. 38% |5. 89% | |Spread |2. 76% |15. 71% |7. 78% |3. 21% |3. 14% | |fin lev |1. 38% |0. 61% |50. 67% |61. 67% |48. 15% | |ROE |9. 98% |14. 52% |12. 3% |7. 60% |9. 02% | | | | | | | | | | | |Safeway | | | | |2005 |2006 |2007 |2008 |2009 | |RONA |7. 78% |10. 49% |5. 03% |10. 35% |-7. 78% | |Spread |2. 85% |4. 7% |4. 59% |5. 45% |-16. 53% | |fin lev |109. 83% |88. 88% |69. 50% |69. 27% |88. 16% | |ROE |11. 41% |15. 36% |5. 03 % |14. 22% |-22. 19% | Advanced dupont method Chart3 , exhibit 1 [pic] Source : Retreived on November 4th from, http://www. netadvantage. standardandpoors. com The advanced Dupont model is used to separate the effects of operating and financing decisions which was not possible with the old dupont version. As shown in the formula above ,the higher the RNOA, Spread and Financial leveraged, the higher the ROE will get. Throughout the last 5 years expet from 2008, WF had a higher RONA and higher spread than Safeway, but they end up with a lower ROE in both years( see chart 3). WF’s higher RONA in those 4 years shows that WF uses its assets more efficientely than Safeway It also reveals that WF controls its costs better than Safeway. Looking at Safeway’s Balance sheets and income statement, we can conclude that Safeway has a low RONA( exibit 2, 3 and 4) and it is due to their low Net Operating profit. This could mean that Safeway has too much fixed assets that is not used efficiently, or it may also indicate that Safeway manages its expenses poorly comparing it to WF. Safeway is planning to reduce the size of its stores when opening new once( Standard Poors),showing they want to improve their RONA. During 4 out of these 5 last years, WF has been having a better spread than Safeway, because they have been getting a better RONA and because Safeway’s net borrowing cost is really high comparing it to their RONA. In 2009, we can see that Safeway had a negative RONA of -7. 8% due to the negative Net operating profit after tax. This affected their spread negatively since it is directly related to the RNOA. We could see from chart 3 that the reason why Safeway were getting higher ROE during in 2005, 2006. And 2008 is because they were using a lot financial leverage. In 2005 and 2006 Safeway’s Financial leverage was 109,83% and 88,88%, against only 1. 38% and 14. 52% for WF. Even if Safeway had a negative ROE in 2009, they used 88. 16% of financial leverage against only 48. 15%. This shows that the reason why Safeway got better ROE in 2005. 006. and 2008 is because they increased it with they increased it with their high leverage. Therefore we could conclude form the advanced Dupont analysis that WF has been doing better in terms of operating performance and that Safeway relies much more on financial leverage than WF. Conclusion. : We can conclude that after analyzing both companies’ ROA, RONA, Sread, asset turnover and Financial leverage, we can infer that Whole is using its assets better than Safeway and that it is growing its sales at a faster pace than Safeway. Comparing WF ratios with its industry, It is apparent to see that WF is doing really well against the average of the whole industry. Bibliography Retrieved November 4, 2010 http://www. reuters. com/finance/stocks/financialHighlights? symbol=WFMI. O Retrieved November 4, 2010 http://www. valueline. com/ Retrieved November 4, 2010 http://www. netadvantage. standardandpoors. com Retrieved from November 4, 2010 http://www. mergentonline. com/compsearch. asp Retrieved November 4, 2010 http://www. plunkettresearchonline. com .

WAS PERONISM TRULY A NEW DOCTR essays

WAS PERONISM TRULY A NEW DOCTR essays In Argentina, a type of populist politics, based on a coalition of urban labour and other social groups, emerged by the mid-1940s under the charismatic leadership of Juan Peron. For the first time the mobilisation of the urban working class became a major factor in the countrys political life, though only with the toleration of the army. Peronism began with the 1943 revolution, with a document written by General Juan Domingo Peron. In fact, it was written in barely 14 minutes because he believed that proclamations must be felt, not thought. Written in his own handwriting, it explained the prevailing situation, and the reason of the intervention of the Armed Forces to defend the sacred interests of the Nation, because it was necessary to recover the integrity, the National unity. On October 17 1950, Peron delivered from the balcony of the Pink House, Head government building, to the multitude united in Mayo Square, the essentials of the Peronist doctrine. These are 20 ideals that would eventually become the essential platform of the Justicialist party. The true democracy is that in which the government does what People want, and defends but only one interest: That of the People. Peronism is essentially a popular movement. Every political circle is anti-popular, therefore not Peronist. The Peronist follower works for the movement. He who works on its behalf but does it for a simple circle, or person, is a Peronist but only by name. For Peronism there is only one kind of person: He who works. In the new Argentina, working is a right that assures the dignity of all men, and it is also an obligation, because it is fair for every man to produce at least what he consumes. For a Peronist there can be nothing better than another Peronist. No Peronist should believe himself to be superior to what really he is, nor less than what he could be. When a Peronis...

Battle of Omdurman in the Mahdist War

Battle of Omdurman in the Mahdist War The Battle of Omdurman took place in present-day Sudan during the Mahdist War (1881-1899). Battle of Omdurman - Date The British triumphed on September 2, 1898. Armies Commanders British: Major General Horatio Kitchener8,200 British, 17,600 Egyptian Sudanese Mahdists: Abdullah al-Taashiapprox. 52,000 men Battle of Omdurman - Background Following the capture of Khartoum by the Mahdists and the death Major General Charles Gordon on January 26, 1885, British leaders began contemplating how to retake power in Sudan. Over the next several years, the urgency of this operation waxed and waned as William Gladstones Liberal Party exchanged power with Lord Salisburys Conservatives. In 1895, the British consul-general of Egypt, Sir Evelyn Baring, Earl of Cromer, finally convinced Salisburys government to take action citing the desire to create a Cape-to-Cairo chain of colonies and the need to prevent foreign powers from entering the area. Concerned about the nations finances and international opinion, Salisbury gave permission for Cromer to began planning the reconquest of Sudan, but stipulated that he was to use only Egyptian forces and that all actions were to appear to take place under Egyptian authority. To lead Egypts army, Cromer selected Colonel Horatio Kitchener of the Royal Engineers. An efficient planner, Kitchener was promoted to major general (in Egyptian service) and appointed sirdar (commander-in-chief). Taking command of Egypts forces, Kitchener began a rigorous training program and equipped his men with modern weapons. Battle of Omdurman - Planning By 1896, the sirdars army numbered around 18,000 well-trained men. Advancing up the Nile in March 1896, Kitcheners forces moved slowly, consolidating their gains as they went. By September, they had occupied Dongala, just above the third cataract of the Nile, and had met little resistance from the Mahdists. With his supply lines badly stretched, Kitchener turned to Cromer for additional funding. Playing on the governments fears of French intrigue in East Africa, Cromer was able to secure more money from London. With this in hand, Kitchener began building the Sudan Military Railroad from his base at Wadi Halfa to a terminus at Abu Hamed, 200 miles to the southeast. As the construction crews pressed through the desert, Kitchener dispatched troops under Sir Archibald Hunter to clear Abu Hamed of Mahdist forces. This was accomplished with minimal casualties on August 7, 1897. With the completion of the railroad on in late October, Salisbury decided to expand the governments commitment to the operation and began sending the first of 8,200 British troops to Kitchener. These were joined by several gunboats. Battle of Omdurman - Kitcheners Victory Concerned about the Kitcheners advance, the leader of the Mahdist army, Abdullah al-Taashi sent 14,000 men to attack the British near Atara. On April 7, 1898, they were badly defeated and suffered 3,000 dead. As Kitchener prepared for the push to Khartoum, Abdullah raised a force of 52,000 to block the Anglo-Egyptian advance. Armed with a mix of spears and antique firearms they mustered near the Mahdist capital of Omdurman. On September 1, British gunboats appeared in the river off Omdurman and shelled the city. This was followed by the arrival of Kitcheners army in the nearby village of Egeiga. Forming a perimeter around the village, with the  river at their back, Kitcheners men waited for the arrival of the Mahdist army. Around dawn on September 2, Abdullah attacked the Anglo-Egyptian position with 15,000 men while a second Mahdist force continued moving north. Equipped with the latest European rifles, Maxim machine guns, and artillery, Kitcheners men mowed down the attacking Mahdist dervishes (infantry). With the attack defeated, the 21st Lancers were ordered to reconnoiter in force towards Omdurman. Moving out, they met a group of 700 Hadenoa tribesman. Switching to the attack, they were soon confronted by 2,500 dervishes which had been hiding in a dry streambed. Charging through the enemy, they fought a bitter battle before rejoining the main army. Around 9:15, believing the battle won, Kitchener ordered his men to begin advancing on Omdurman. This movement exposed his right flank to a Mahdist force that was lurking to west. Shortly after beginning their march, three Sudanese and one Egyptian battalion came under fire from this force. Compounding the situation was the arrival of 20,000 men under Osman Shiekh El Din which had moved north earlier in the battle. Shiekh El Dins men soon began attacking the Sudanese brigade of Colonel Hector MacDonald. While the threatened units made a stand and poured disciplined fire into the approaching enemy, Kitchener began wheeling the rest of the army around to join the fight. As at Egeiga, modern weaponry triumphed and the dervishes were shot down in alarming numbers. By 11:30, Abdullah gave up the battle as lost and fled the field. With the Mahdist army destroyed, the march to Omdurman and Khartoum was resumed. Battle of Omdurman - Aftermath The Battle of Omdurman cost the Mahdists a stunning 9,700 killed, 13,000 wounded, and 5,000 captured. Kitcheners losses were a mere 47 dead and 340 wounded. The victory at Omdurman concluded the campaign to retake Sudan and Khartoum was quickly reoccupied. Despite the victory, several officers were critical of Kitcheners handling of the battle and cited MacDonalds stand for saving the day. Arriving at Khartoum, Kitchener was ordered to proceed south to Fashoda to block French incursions in the area.

Varieties of languages and cross-cultural communication Essay

Varieties of languages and cross-cultural communication - Essay Example My spoken English differs from my written English, and they can acquire various forms. The register I use to speak in the classroom, during a presentation or with the teachers is not the same which I use to speak with my family and friends during a spontaneous conversation. Besides, my written English in a chat or informal e-mail has many oral characteristics (use of slang, contractions, colloquial words, repetitions), but my written formal English has the vocabulary that I usually do not speak, and I take care of the style and grammar. I live in a country with many immigrants, whose native language is not English. Many of them have learned English after they came, or in their countries of origin, where the taught language differs from the daily spoken language. When these people go to work or study, they can encounter cross-communication problems with native speakers. For example, when we engage in teamwork with foreign students, these problems often appear. Sometimes, due to the accents and pronunciation from their native languages, there could be problems of misunderstanding. When they write, they could use words that they find in their bilingual dictionaries, but these words have not the intended meaning in English, or they sound strange because they are not used in those contexts. Therefore, I try to speak louder and slower with foreign speakers, and I avoid slang and colloquial words they might not understand if they have not lived in the United States for a long time.

Developing Creativity for Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Developing Creativity for Business - Essay Example Introduction: The concept of creativity involves using and organizing the known information and knowledge in bringing new and innovative ideas out of them. It actually leads to a better and improved understanding of a concept or idea that was existent but needed advancement and steps forward in using it for the betterment of the society as a whole. Maslow had considered his studies based on the concept of creativity and determined two different levels of creativity. Primary creativity according to him is a basis for a new innovation to discover something that would be different from the existent concept. Secondary creativity on the other hand was explained by him as an extension of any discovery that early researchers had made through their studies (Creativity and its importance in business, n.d.). The concept of creativity and innovation is more significant and needed in today’s businesses owing to the increasing levels of competitions among competitors in the world of busine ss. In order to stay ahead of the competitor companies in respect of technological advancements, facing new competitors, as well fulfill the demands and requirements of the customers, organizations need to focus on continuous change and creativity. In other sense, creativity leads to value addition to the service being provided by an organization towards their customers (Degraff, 2006, pp.1-2). Creativity thus involves the use of knowledge, concepts, technology, and business theories towards innovation of any idea for the benefit of the society as a whole. The following chart provides an idea of the concept of creativity as can be applied within an... Marks and Spencer: The Company and its Concept of Creativity Marks and Spencer (M&S) is a leading retailer in the United Kingdom with a very large customer base. The company offers the variety of products including clothing, home products, as well as food. While around 49 percent of the business deals with home products and clothing, the rest of the business provides its customers with the variety of high-quality food products. Also, the company has its focus on the environmental impacts and hence has its eco plan in concern. There are more than 700 retail stores of M&S in the UK itself spreading across the high streets, stations, airports, and other locations. The company is focused on improving its business by serving its customers through original and high-quality products. Their primary creativity lies in their trying to present to the world the products that are unique to their company that they term as ‘Only at M&S. Marks and Spencer is known to be successful for its innovations that the management of the company is concerned about . The status of the company’s success can be learnt from the financial results of the company that it has achieved based on its creative approaches. With the different models as discussed in the study as well as the creativity awareness program based on the problem solving cycle, it can be assumed that the company’s fear might be overcome.If the company plans to provide its customers with online facilities with huge discounts on products, the company also needs to focus on the fact that all customers do not shift to the facility thus affecting the sales of the company.

Use of water from underground Essay Example for Free

Use of water from underground Essay Water from underground sources has been exploited for many years to be used in homes, for livestock as well as irrigation. As Howsam (2007) clearly explains, though, the exact way of how water occur underground may not be well understood by the people using the water, successful abstraction methods has been used to abstract water from various sources and under varying conditions. However, there is need to treat and assess the quality of the ground water before using the water. Generally, the method of treatment will highly depend on the source and the properties of abstracted water. Consequently, for water abstracted from upland reservoir in an area of a sheep farming area which is known to be soft and to have unacceptable taste and colour with a pH of 5. 5, its treatment strategies will differ from that from a network of pumped wells delivering anaerobic groundwater from a chalk aquifer. This paper thus aims at comparing and contrasting the various treatment strategies that could be used. Quality tests recommended Turbidity measure: Turbidity of water involves measuring the amount of light that could pass through water; this will indicate how â€Å"cloudy† that sample of water is. Turbidity results from particles that are suspended in water being assessed and it is a crucial control measure of how water disinfection has performed. Water turbidity measurement occurs at two varied points; at the treatment plant and at the consumer taps. Chemical quality water assessment The regulations set by the water Quality of 2000 outlines all the minimum tests that are needed for each chemical as well as physical parameter. The parameters that are measured include but are not limited to: colour, odour, taste, ammonium level, aluminium level, iron, manganese, sodium among other chemical properties. An critical aspect in quality assurance of water when using chemical in water treatment is make sure that the used chemicals are those that are specified and does not harm consumers or change the properties of water. Treating water form upland reservoir Tastes and odours In water from the ground like from sheep reservoir, the taste and the odors come from the hydrogen sulphide and other organic substances together with dissolved minerals such as manganese, iron, zinc and copper. Even though these substances are usually not dangerous in amounts normally found in the many of the groundwater, the presence of these substances could result in consumers refusing such water. Thus, such water has to be treated. Adjustment of PH Adjusting the pH is very important in water treatment especially that those meant for drinking. The removal of coagulation, corrosion and controlling softening all are aspects that assist in adjustment of pH. Stabilizers Waters from the reservoir that is considered to be soft could be hardened slightly through use of cation resin exchange. To improve the level of â€Å"softness† in the water, calcium magnesium is added to the water to give the water the right texture Adsorption This is a treatment strategy that involves physical process that happens when liquids are suspended or dissolved in a matter so that the particles in that water could be adsorbed in an adsorbent medium. In most cases carbon filters are used as adsorbent medium Pumped wells delivering anaerobic groundwater from a chalk aquifer Ultraviolet treatment This water treatment method uses ultraviolet light in order to disinfect water. That is to decrease the amount of bacterial that is found in the water. Removal of algae The bad taste could be due to toxic or because of odorous algal blooms that could be present in the reservoirs. In many cases, copper sulphate. However, before using chemical treatment, the possible impacts on water reservoir biota (Faust and Aly, 1998). The build-up of chemicals used in water treatment such as copper could have a negative impact on the downstream treatment. More so, the quality of water treated has to taken into consideration. Coagulation and flocculation The main application of coagulant as well as flocculant chemicals is removing the suspended and also the colloidal solids like clays. In particular, coagulate are significant in treating surface waters. The elimination of the solids is attained through aggregating small suspended substances into big flocs. The coagulant as well as the flocculant chemicals at the same time is able to eliminate various organic substances, color and other micro-organisms like bacteria, algae and viruses. The amount and strength of the formed floc is able to be controlled and managed according to the treatment method used. Sedimentation or filtration could be used to remove the floc. Disinfection Generally, disinfection of water is used alone or as the last step in treatment of water subsequent to either clarification or filtration. In many cases, disinfection is mainly applied to prevent bacterial, viruses or any other protozoa that could get into the distribution system. Generally, chemicals that are used to disinfect drinking water are strong oxidants like chlorine, ozone as well as hydrogen peroxide. However, the effectiveness of disinfection mostly depends on the sources of water that is being treated. In addition, the effectiveness of disinfection also could be affected by the turbidity of the water, pH and the organic substances. The objective of water treatment processes applied before disinfection ought to result in water that has the lowest level of turbidity and organic substances. Too much particulate substances in water could result in protection of micro-organisms against the disinfection chemicals. Conclusion However, as Howsam (2007) states, all chemicals that are used in water treatment whether in chalk or reservoir, ought to be assessed for possible contaminants and restrictions ought to be known. Generally the main aspect of carrying out water treatment is to ensure that the quality of the water is right and does not adversely impact the consumers. Water treatment chemicals are mainly used in treating water to essentially reduce or remove the cases of waterborne disease, public heath issues, and also to improve the taste and quality of that water. However, as American Water Works Association (1997) notes any chemical that is used in treatment of water has to be effective, to produce the desired wishes, should not present any public health worry and ought not to result in any chemical or contaminants that exceed drinking water stipulated values. Reference: AWWA (American Water Works Association) (1997): and ASCE (American Association of Civil Engineers): Water Treatment Plant Design, 3rd edition. McGraw-Hill Professional, USA Faust, S and Aly O (1998): Chemistry of Water Treatment, 2nd edition. Ann Arbor Press, Michigan Howsam, P (2007): Bio fouling in Wells and Aquifers: Water and Environment Journal Volume 2 Issue 2, Pages 209 215 (Available online). Letterman R (2002) 🙠 Ed). Water Quality and Treatment: A Handbook of Community Water Supplies, American Water Works Association, 5th edition. McGraw-Hill Professional, New York

Human needs paper :: essays research papers

1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚ · The needs of public assistance helps single parents or families just starting out with low income; Theses help qualify them for public housing and assistance.  · They usually receive the basic things that any person with a full time job would receive such as, medical cards, health insurance, dental insurance, and eye care. 2. I really don’t pay taxes, so I really shouldn’t have any opinions about this issue, but I do. I don’t really mind the public assisted people especially the ones who are single parents and need the money because their isn’t any income or child support being brought in to feed children in the house. I don’t agree with the people who do nothing at all and just milk the system. I’d like to go kick my feet up on their T.V. and say â€Å"why don’t you make your self useful and get me a beer out of the fridge and while your up get me a cigarette, cause odds are, the working people of America are paying for it, anyways. 3.  · The pros and cons of family life involves the emotion, development and public assistance part of the authors views.  · Sometimes families, when poor steer to solidarity, willingness to share. This solidarity gives them a strong sense of priority for their families. This also helps the kids of these type of families to make better for their kids.  · There are joint parental responsibilities that are shared between the mother and father. Their responsibility is to, financially manage, companionship with children, discipline of children, and other family responsibilities. IN public assistance services, this type of way of family life doesn’t work. This is caused because of their amount of money, that they have coming in and it is hard for these type of people to agree on financial decisions, let alone take care of their children’s together.  · In these type of public assistance houses parents do not prepare their children for lives hardships, due to the fact that they only usually care about themselves.  · The house being ran by a woman has it’s pros and cons. A good thing is a women’s ambition and her efforts to make sure that her children have the best. I’m not trying to be stereotyping but most of them in public assistance housing, use their kids to benefit from the government funding and their kids usually see none of it. Human needs paper :: essays research papers 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚ · The needs of public assistance helps single parents or families just starting out with low income; Theses help qualify them for public housing and assistance.  · They usually receive the basic things that any person with a full time job would receive such as, medical cards, health insurance, dental insurance, and eye care. 2. I really don’t pay taxes, so I really shouldn’t have any opinions about this issue, but I do. I don’t really mind the public assisted people especially the ones who are single parents and need the money because their isn’t any income or child support being brought in to feed children in the house. I don’t agree with the people who do nothing at all and just milk the system. I’d like to go kick my feet up on their T.V. and say â€Å"why don’t you make your self useful and get me a beer out of the fridge and while your up get me a cigarette, cause odds are, the working people of America are paying for it, anyways. 3.  · The pros and cons of family life involves the emotion, development and public assistance part of the authors views.  · Sometimes families, when poor steer to solidarity, willingness to share. This solidarity gives them a strong sense of priority for their families. This also helps the kids of these type of families to make better for their kids.  · There are joint parental responsibilities that are shared between the mother and father. Their responsibility is to, financially manage, companionship with children, discipline of children, and other family responsibilities. IN public assistance services, this type of way of family life doesn’t work. This is caused because of their amount of money, that they have coming in and it is hard for these type of people to agree on financial decisions, let alone take care of their children’s together.  · In these type of public assistance houses parents do not prepare their children for lives hardships, due to the fact that they only usually care about themselves.  · The house being ran by a woman has it’s pros and cons. A good thing is a women’s ambition and her efforts to make sure that her children have the best. I’m not trying to be stereotyping but most of them in public assistance housing, use their kids to benefit from the government funding and their kids usually see none of it.

“Gold Miss”: Single successful women in work force in Korea

Two articles that were discussed in class touched on married women in the work force in Korea, Taiwan and Japan. All of these articles examine the changes in married women’s employment that industrialized society face. Higher participation of married women’s employment compared to the past can be explained by higher labor supply and demand caused by industrialization, social structures, changes in women’s role in family, and higher women’s education. These changes not only affect married women but also single women in Asia. I would like to go delve more into and also go beyond the readings and look more into the single women in general, with specific focus on Korea. Particularly, events regarding women at work has led to the rise of the â€Å"gold miss† in Korean culture recently has created significant cultural shifts in the way the largely Confucian society views women and how these women do business. Korean Culture Korea is home to a deeply Confucian society. Under such a system, women are relegated to a lower position, wherein they have to follow the wishes and dictates of the head of the family: the father, then the husband and then the grown sons. There are strict dictates that has crossed over to national laws on succession. Korean norms have been blamed for the lack of opportunities for women (August and Tuten, 2003, p. 118). Women traditionally stay at home after marriage to take care of family. Children usually live with their parents until they are married and the eldest son is left to care of the aging parents. Women in the Workforce In their study, Rachel August and Tracy Tuten laments that only 48% of women participate in the Korean workforce. The country's labor market is highly-segregated with jobs that are meant only for men exclusively. Korean men also have a virtual monopoly on managerial and executive level jobs, where only 7% are held by women (August and Tuten, 2003, p. 109). In contrast, women in the United Kingdom have a 66% participation in the labor force, while 33% of employed women hold managerial and executive level jobs (August and Tuten, 2003, p. 109). The pay between men and women is different too, with women getting only 60% of what their male counterparts get (Yoo, 2003, p. 367). Most Korean women had to fight a patriarchal society where in everyone — from employers policymakers, and even fellow employees — prefer males over females. As such, they get jobs that pay less (Brinton, et. al. , 1995, p. 1101) The dismal situation of women is due to the fact that workplaces in Korea lack protection like laws against gender discrimination, harassment and other similar laws. Korean women are also facing challenges in terms of getting their education that would have equipped them with the skills and knowledge needed for higher level positions (August and Tuten, 2003, p. 17). This has changed in recent years, however. With the advent of industrialization in Korea, more and more women had married later and the fertility rate fell. Korean women had more time to participate in the activities of the labor market. Korean women also gained more education, and consequently more work experience, which in turn makes them more attractive to employers (Brinton, et. al. , 1995, p. 1100) Married Korean women are less likely to be involved in formal employment, as many companies also encourage women employees to resign after marriage (Yoo, 2003, p. 384). Shift in Korean Culture The increases in the number of working married women and single woman households both represent a significant departure from the traditional Korean family structure. Women are now choosing to keep their jobs even after marriage and many grown-up children are moving out of the family home to live alone and choosing to postpone marriage. More and more women are also getting higher education compared to women in the 70s and 80s. These grown-up daughters that have successful careers postpone marriage and enjoy their single-blessedness and economic independence. In the past in Korea, marriage used to be only institution frame work for women to secure stability in their lives. But now that social conditions have changed greatly and women exert more power in economic activities women are increasingly taking charge of their lives. Thus, in recent years, more and more women are staying single, earning more, and fighting societal pressures that dictate when they should settle down. They have been termed gold misses, a play of words and a corruption of â€Å"Old Miss†. Gold misses are highly successful single women who are way above the traditional marrying age of the late twenties and early thirties. According to the Chosun Ilbo, an English language Korean newspaper, the typical gold miss has a college degree, a professional job that pays at least KRW40 million (around US$43,000) annually. A gold miss go for sophistication both in looks and image (Gold Miss Among†¦ , 2007, para. 2). More than changing their looks and living upwardly in society, gold misses are changing Korean society. Whereas before, women above thirty are frowned upon as spinsters who failed to catch a husband, with all the attendant stereotypes against it. Now gold misses are seen to enjoy their independence — both personal and economic (Gold Miss Among†¦ , 2007, para. 1). They are also breaking through stereotypes that unmarried women in their mid-thirties have something wrong with them, or have been through a difficult experience, or just plain stubborn. These are women who do not rely on a husband to keep them alive, and they are enjoying it. For Ham In-hee, a sociologist at Ewha Women's University marriage for a gold miss is a choice, instead of a desperate and only means to be stable. Ham relates that women â€Å"who are financially capable,† have a tendency to marry late (Chosun Ilbo, 2007, para. 3). The view is shared by Lee Woong-jin, chief executive officer of a dating company. Ms. Lee says that gold misses think they can continue living alone because they earn enough to support themselves (Gold Miss Among†¦ , 2007, para. 2). Other changes are evident. Gold misses are known to be ‘fashionistas', and have influenced trends in Korean fashion and food (Kang, 2008, para. ). Gold misses, though a relatively new development in the conservative Korean culture, are increasing. Kang In-sun, writing for the Chosun Ilbo, reports on data released by the Korea Employment Information Service that says that there were 27,233 gold misses in 2006, an increase of almost twelve-fold from around 2,000 just five years before. The report also says that gold misses are now found in a growing range of industries and profession, securing top jobs in private institutions, filmmaking, theater, writing, broadcasting, medicine, design and management, among others (Kang, 2008, para. ). The number will rise, as 68% of women in their twenties and thirties surveyed indicated that they would like to remain single (Kang, 2008, para. 5). Meanwhile, an overwhelming 90% of girls aged 10 think that marriage is a choice, instead of a must (Kang, 2007, para. 7). The prevalence and impact of gold misses is so widespread that Korean marketers have taken note of them, and have even come up with spin-off labels like â€Å"silver miss† or single women in their 30s who are earning less than KRW30 million, and â€Å"platinum miss† or women who earn more than KRW100 million annually (Kim, 2008, para. ). As more women become more economically active and more financially-independent these days and as views on marriage have changed dramatically, these single professional women, in their thirties and forties without pressure to get married, enjoy the feeling of accomplishment at work and gain more free time for themselves, rather than doing housework and caring for children as housewives do. Having no husbands and children also increases their autonomy on spending. Gold misses are willing to and can spend on anything they want, especially on their self-development, looks, health, skills and on leisure, their changes in lifestyle and spending start to have impact on various industries such as tourism, fashion, art and music business, interior design such as kitchen appliances, and matchmaking business. As a result, the purchasing power of singles makes them an important consumer group. Kim Ji-soo, a culture editor at the Korea Times, writes that while Korean women had been slow to change in a â€Å"strongly Confucian† society, they are now taking on more and new challenges and working in professions that used to be male domain. The causes for the rise of the gold miss are varied, and touches a spectrum of economic and social factors including (but not limited to) higher labor supply and demand caused by industrialization, changes in women’s role in family, higher women’s education, and increase in voices advocating gender equality and equal opportunities at work, among other things. The Korea Times, however, proposes another cause. Bae Ji-sook relates that the cost of marriage, including childrearing, housing and education, could be the main reason why a progressively increasing number of women are opting to stay single. With the shift in Korean thinking with regards to the convention of women getting married in their late twenties or early thirties, there is less pressure to get married and risk acquiring these costs (Bae, 2008, para. 6-8). In fact, a recent survey found that 22% of Korean singles found marriage costs too prohibitive and cited that as one of the reasons not to get married. Other reasons were the prevalence of divorce, and the idea of enjoying the single life. Almost a quarter said that they haven't found the right one yet. The survey had 1,826 respondents, 70% of them were women (Kang, 2007, paras. 1-4). Traditional values of family and harmony influenced by Confucian philosophy are disappearing, new values of individualism and independence are new inflow, and women are reacting to this change by choosing to work and marry late. On to of these changes in social values, higher cost of marriage and raising children causes further departure from traditional roles for single women. Additionally, women’s success in their career will continue to emerge as a valuable consumer group in the future. With such changes in conventional idea, their economic and social power, and consumer market towards them, they seem to have less reason to get married and the increase the number of unmarried women in their thirties and forties is likely to continue. * * * The rise of the gold misses can thus be seen as a natural consequence of the Korean woman’s progress in the country’s labor market. It is an evolution that took years to unravel. With the change in Korea’s business climate and labor environment, women became introduced into its labor force, an event which led to further changes down the road and created a cyclical cause and effect. As women became more active in their participation in the country’s labor force, the more opportunities opened for them to further their education and chalk up their work experience, which in turn made them more attractive to employers and opened the doors to more jobs. The pressures of society and culture, however, remained. In time, Korean women learned that having their best interests in mind and following the norms do not necessarily go together, and thus the evolution comes to its current form: the gold misses. Combined with this realization are the changes in the country’s norms and governance that allowed for more gender equality. It can be argued then that gold misses are the daughters who are reaping the benefits that have been set up for them by women of the past. They are also blessed to be working at a time when Korean society and culture had eased and changed. But as mothers can differ from their daughters in a lot of ways, so does today’s gold misses and the traditional married working women. Married working women of the past were at most followers of society’s dictated norms of how they should act and when they should act, and at the very least, they were constrained by their culture. Career women felt the urge to get married at an age that is largely dictated by society, at a time when they should have been at their peak, professionally speaking. These women may be doing the deals in the corporate boardroom, but they come home to cook for their husbands and care for their children. Gold misses eschewed that role, and by ignoring societal dictates, they have become progenitors of a new culture. By refusing to be tied down, they have gathered enough power to create a unique culture that soon became more and more mainstream. They became a force to be considered, if only for their collective purchasing power. Without responsibilities to take care of a family, they have the luxury of thinking only for themselves. Instead of being dictated by culture, gold misses have turned the tables and are now dictating what the culture should be. More and more gold misses are stepping into roles that women of the past have not even dreamed of. The arena for male-dominated fields is shrinking as more women are invading the work force. Whereas traditional married working women were contented in defining their value by the men in the lives, and anchoring their stability on their marriage, gold misses are challenging the patriarchal traditions and Confucian hierarchies. Women in the workplace are also changing the business culture away from â€Å"alcohol-inspired karaoke fests† into something more transparent and above-board. These women are also discouraging blind loyalty towards superiors (Asiaweek, 2001, paras. 3-4). Stability is no longer anchored to the thickness of their husbands’ wallets, but their own. Culture and society are two very dynamic forces, and they affect one another. While it is evidently a much better time to be a single work woman in Korea nowadays more than ever, there is still a long way to go to achieve more independence from and equality with men. The gold miss phenomenon is a clear indicator, though, that women in Korea are on the right track.

Coal Keeps the Lights on

He would go in at dark and leave at dark and often go without eating or taking a break because his Job was so demanding. Even though mining was dangerous and vigorous work he loved his Job. In 1966 his pay was $3. 25 an hour, for that day and time he was making good money. In 1980 when he had to quit due to health issues his top pay was $26. 00 an hour. 00nes) fit was hard, but I had a Job to do.Coal keeps the lights on. said Delbert. His Job came with many responsibilities. He had to take care of himself, make sure his workers were all safe and make sure they got the Job done. Cones) When he got his Job finished he was ready to go home to his wife and family. Delbert said there was nothing better than the boss saying may boys lets shut her down, its time to go home. That was something they looked forward to after a long days work. Upchurch 2 He knew when he was a little boy he was going to be a coal miner. His grandfather, father and many close relatives and friends were all coal mi ners.If you lived in Harlan, more than likely you were going to be working in the mines. The best thing he liked about his Job was the challenge of hard work. He said he loved anything that came as challenge to him, he loved when he achieved exactly what he set out to do. Cones) Jones said he misses working in the mines. If his health was better he would be right back. He also said that most of his family worked in the mines, but he wouldn*†° want any of his grandchildren going through what he did to provide for his family. He said It was a good Job, but he could live without the aches and pain he feels veryday.Cones) Although life in the mines were hard, it was even harder on his body. The twenty two years he gave the mines gave him back one destroyed body. He ended up having black lung disease from inhaling all of the coal dust which eventually turned in to COPD Cones) He also nad to go through six back surgeries trom all ot the bending over and crawling he had to do. He said if you work in the mines you will come out with an old tattered up and worn down body. He would love to be living in Harlan, working dusk til dawn living the coal miners life. It was and will always be apart of who he is.Two of his sons also worked in the mines along side of him. They didn*†° put nearly as many years as he did, but put enough in to both be disabled with back injuries. Jones said it was important to him that he see them get out of there before they got *lack lungand It take over the rest of their lives. He said he would have loved it if his body would have let him work long enough to retire from the mines. That was one of the goals he had set for himself that he didn*†° get to accomplish. Jones said he is somewhat thankful he got out when he did, if not the stress of the Job may have been too hard on

Free Essays on Han Nolan

Han Nolan in my view is a wonderful author, she has written books that reflect on the harsh problems people face in their lives. Nolan is the author of â€Å"Born Blue† which tells the story of a child growing up and making her life a mess. Janie was four years old when she had almost drowned. As she was swimming in the Gulf of Mexico and her mother was paying her no attention, she had managed to wander out too far and a current had took her under. Due to that incident and the fact that her mother was heavily into heroin she was placed into a foster home that she had considered to be the â€Å"stink house†. The foster home was always a mess, with dirty diapers, dishes never being done, and no one ever picking up after them selves. In the foster home there were other kids, amongst them were a few babies and one seven year old little black boy named Harmon. Janie became to look to Harmon as her big brother and he was the only on she ever came to know as for the babies she could barely stand to be around them. Harmon was one known to be quiet and very shy, he always carried a shoe box with him every where he would go not letting any one know what was in it because he always thought it would be taken away from him. As Harmon came to trust Janie he would finally decided to share with her what was in the box. In it was a collection of music tapes including Aretha Franklin, Ella Fitzgerald and other divas such as them. Harmon and Janie would take the â€Å"ladies†, which is what they had considered the tapes to be, and listen to them in the basement or sometimes in the tree house on headphones so no one could hear what they were doing. Janie would love to do this she always thought of it as spending time with the ladies. Janie and Harmon of course had a caseworker, she would bring them to church on Sundays and sometimes take them out for ice cream. The first time Janie attended church she saw how everyone would sing and s... Free Essays on Han Nolan Free Essays on Han Nolan Han Nolan in my view is a wonderful author, she has written books that reflect on the harsh problems people face in their lives. Nolan is the author of â€Å"Born Blue† which tells the story of a child growing up and making her life a mess. Janie was four years old when she had almost drowned. As she was swimming in the Gulf of Mexico and her mother was paying her no attention, she had managed to wander out too far and a current had took her under. Due to that incident and the fact that her mother was heavily into heroin she was placed into a foster home that she had considered to be the â€Å"stink house†. The foster home was always a mess, with dirty diapers, dishes never being done, and no one ever picking up after them selves. In the foster home there were other kids, amongst them were a few babies and one seven year old little black boy named Harmon. Janie became to look to Harmon as her big brother and he was the only on she ever came to know as for the babies she could barely stand to be around them. Harmon was one known to be quiet and very shy, he always carried a shoe box with him every where he would go not letting any one know what was in it because he always thought it would be taken away from him. As Harmon came to trust Janie he would finally decided to share with her what was in the box. In it was a collection of music tapes including Aretha Franklin, Ella Fitzgerald and other divas such as them. Harmon and Janie would take the â€Å"ladies†, which is what they had considered the tapes to be, and listen to them in the basement or sometimes in the tree house on headphones so no one could hear what they were doing. Janie would love to do this she always thought of it as spending time with the ladies. Janie and Harmon of course had a caseworker, she would bring them to church on Sundays and sometimes take them out for ice cream. The first time Janie attended church she saw how everyone would sing and s...

Free sample - The Twenties Modernism Vs Traditionalism. translation missing

The Twenties Modernism Vs Traditionalism. The Twenties Modernism Vs TraditionalismIntroduction This decade (1920-1929) is also known as the 'Roaring Twenties ' and sometimes as the 'Jazz age'. This is a period with a huge number of developments in the United States, first of all, there was the economic boom, and this was a post war effect of the First World War. The decade was graced with a spell of economic prosperity. In the early years of this decade, America realized that they have huge urbanized settings than rural. This was also the time when there was prohibition in the United States causing rise of criminals and criminal families such as Al Capone and the Chicago outfit. During this decade, baseball was the major sport and this was when the immigration act was passed. This is also when women were allowed to vote in the nation and work so there was a rather large number of women in work areas.1 Modernism versus Traditionalism During that decade the generation of youth began behaving differently than was previously seen as the norm. Youths lived in the urban areas and mostly led brush (fast-paced) lives. This new trait that was developing altogether is what is being referred to as modernism now and the traits that were left in order to adopt this new life standard is known as traditionalism. Before modernism, the elders stayed in the rural areas and lead quiet and deliberate lives. In order for us to see both sides of the coin of this argument we should try to understand these two groups of individuals. We must consider this in the light of how they saw each other in what areas and what makes them different. These areas are Urban and Rural, Evolutionist and Creationist, Youthful and Aged, The Alcohol debate (prohibition), The radio and Car effects. URBAN VS RURAL: during this time America was at the peak of urbanization trend that began around fifty2 years earlier and for the first time the nation was seen as more urban than rural. The modernists of this time preferred the fast-paced lifestyle. The time was characterized by a huge influx of population to the cities. The cities offered their thoughts to the traditionalists who were backward people at that time and were against development and that they lived their lives based on very thin margins of thinking and they were not open to change. The traditionalists at the time preferred the quiet life in the countryside and the farms. Generally the rural people had their own opinions about the modernists who lived in the cities; they considered them immoral due to their dressing styles and other character traits and since the modernists were more in the cities and business was prosperous they saw the modernists as people too much into money and materialistic values. EVOLUTIONIST AND CREATIONISTS: The modernists at the time started drifting away from the norm and beliefs of religion. They no more accept the known doctrines that the world was created by a deity which was a strong belief of traditionalists; modernists started becoming more liberal and started accepting explanations that the world, as we know it, was evolved as stated by the biological concept of evolution.3 This concept says that any living creature is bound by time and develop with the passage of time; this means the creatures become better in their later generations. This also caused a major trial4 (the Scope’s trial) which happened in 1925 in the state of Tennessee in which a teacher, John Scope was accused of teaching the concept of evolution to his students. The teacher was found guilty but the trial ruling was overturned due to a problem in the prosecutions side. The traditionalists preferred to stick to religion and its doctrines at the time. They stay within the boun daries and teachings of bible and believed that the world was created by God and that evolution was a myth and that the opinion that humans came from monkeys (as dictated by the theory of evolution) is untrue and it should not be taught to students as it is misleading and would derail the generation away from their roots and culture as they literally are considered to be the gospel. Thus traditionalist were against it. YOUTH AND ELDERS/ADULTS: In this period it was the youths that mainly look to the modernist lifestyle. At the time, the youth gave precedence to certain objects that the elders did not see as necessary. Youths loved cars and the fast lives. They court around not to find spouses but just to have fun. Youths also desired life that gave off an air of independence and this they can only find in the cities and urban areas where one had to be a bit unscrupulous in order to get along. The women youth of the time came to be known as flappers due to their dressing habits, they wore short dresses and dyed their hair; this was the fashion at the time. They also wore make up which was not the norm. The elderly at the time are the ones who had the traditionalist aspect in them. They preferred life that gave them a sense of community and security which was mainly found in the rural and farm areas. They saw the youth of the time as being careless and immoral; the traditionalists had a more conserva tive dressing style, a more modest living and even speaking style. Even in the art that the traditionalists preferred it was more modest and subtle. THE ALCOHOL FACTOR: This also falls into the realm of prohibition5 also know as the 'noble experiment'. This was a period in which United States government had banned any activity that involved alcohol in its borders as in the transport, manufacture and sale of alcohol was banned within the United States borders.   Now even though this was the situation in the country, alcohol still did play a major role in the modernist vs. traditionalist agenda, after all, alcohol was still available mainly by means of crime lords and families such as that of Al Capone and the Chicago outfit. Modernists saw alcohol as an element that provided personal freedom. This was a complete paradox of what the traditionalists believed: they said that alcohol caused crimes and broke apart families and that where there was no alcohol people were generally happier and healthier. This period caused the aforementioned crime outfits to prosper even though alcohol was later legalized in 1933. EFFECTS OF THE RADIO: In 1923, there was a frenzy about radio and by the end of that year there was close to six hundred radio stations and close to half a million households in the nation possessed radio sets; whereas in 1922, there was less than a hundred thousand sets. Thus, within a short while it seemed as though radio was all everyone was doing because almost all organizations that were worth mentioning had radio stations. This provided a sure quick fire resulted in easy access to information. Spreading ad and promotions becomes easier. In addition to information, radio also provided entertainment. This changed lifestyle preferred by the modernists is what is totally different from the lifestyle followed by traditionalists. Traditionalist think modernist as leaving their norms behind, whereas young traditionalist thinks modernist’s lifestyle as attractive. Thus, it has been said that the Twenties were shaped by a clash of culturesmodernist versus traditional. This was an era shaped by two groups of people different in almost everything, whether it is their thoughts or their dressing style, their religion beliefs or their general lifestyle. Two cultures were coming face to face thus there were clashes plus acceptances. Thus people always give this argument that that time was a time of cultural clash.    Bibliography: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Paul Sann, The Lawless Decade(Dover Publication: New York 1970). 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"A GODLIKE PRENSENCE †: the impact of radios in 1920s and 1930s 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Wayne Curtis, Bootleg Paradise (American heritage: may/April 2007). 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   John Barth , The Friday Book(G. P. Putnam's Sons:1984). 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Carneiro Robert, Evolutionism in Cultural Anthropology: A Critical History(Westview Press, Boulder, CO, 2003).

Information Technology and Social Trends Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Information Technology and Social Trends - Essay Example Project can broadly be defined as a specific time bound work with specific objectives and goals; budget; and resources (Reynolds, 2010). Project management helps provide the tools to achieve project goals through well planned strategy. It normally encompasses essential steps like: feasibility study of the project; project development; production and implementation process; monitoring and control mechanisms; and successful completion that leads to the smooth running of the project. Thus, effective management of project is critical to the successful delivery of its goals and objectives within the limited resources of time, budget and human capital. The Project Manager helps coordinate the various team issues of the project, which are vital part of project dynamics that facilitate wider understanding and promote improvement and improvisation of the process to achieve project goals and objectives more efficiently. ‘Access to information represents the basic precondition for success of a firm’ (Drucker, 1998). The access to information becomes vital to only promote efficient and knowledge based discharge of duties by the team but also a great tool for the management to exploit the available information to improve its performance. Hence, Information System Development helps in storing and manipulating strategic business information that are designed to improve the overall business prospects. The proficiency in using computers greatly facilitates the project manager to tacitly exploit data to identify the risks and shortcoming so that they can be addressed timely. When IT system is introduced, training on the use of hardware and software becomes intrinsic part of implementation. Barton emphasizes that ‘hands on real time interaction with the new system†¦ with a more broad based understanding of the flow of information through the system’ is needed (Barton, 2001). TQM promotes quality assurance at various levels of project processes

Anthropology 11 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Anthropology 11 - Essay Example He illustrates his stand with the examples of the theories surrounding the evolution of man by starting with the rather shocking theory that we all as humans originate from the continent of Africa This topic is very important to biological and physical anthropology because it explains why we are all so different racially and genetically and seeks to explain with the help of many theories whether Darwin's theory is actually right in saying that as humans we have only recently evolved from apes. He compares the "originate in Africa thesis" with the "out of Africa thesis" where he is trying to explain the origin of our genetics and evolution. The author uses the technique of taking up many hypotheses and theories and assessing their truth and in the end he gives his verdict in the favour of the theory given by Darwin, the Out of Africa hypothesis. " This theory maintains that modern humans evolved in Africa and then spread around the world. Boiled down to its essence, the hypothesis states that modern humans are both relatively recent (100,000 to 200,000 years old) and African in origin. A major prediction of this hypothesis is that the earliest remains of modern humans will be found in Africa, dated to an appropriate time period." The author goes on to discuss the " Multiregional hypothesis" which he argues depicts that we as modern humans evolved from different locations and hence our racial and genetic differences. According to this school of thought "these regional populations evolved along parallel paths and reached modernity at roughly the same time. Because the populations were largely isolated from one another, they developed distinctive regional features, which people recognize today as "racial" differences." ( Multiregionalists believe that Neandertals, originate from the European continent.) He then goes on to say how there are three different recent researches go in the favour of the Darwinian view and oppose the Multiregionalists view which he addresses one by one as: The east african population has been found to be so diverse that the genetic composition of the population" shows that these lineages are very diverse and humans did evolve from these areas.Most of the worlds oldest lineages were found there d 170,000 years ago. Secondly because of the discovery of the "African Herto skullsthe Herto specimens (are) the earliest modern Homo sapiens yet found-direct ancestors of people living today." He concludes that the Neandertals' DNA was not closer to that of the modern Europeans. "The work was a strong blow to the theory that humans evolved in several places simultaneously. "Neandertals cannot represent a regional European transition from Homo erectus to modern Homo sapiens" 4. Did the author address any contrary evidence or the opinions/work of others that run counter the author(s) claims Although he devotes his entire discussion to proving the multiregionalists wrong he does refer to the possibility of " mtDNA contamination from researchers or others who have handled the fossils" but he is quick to provide evidence to suggest otherwise. He does give the multiregional theory its fair share of discussion though.. 5. What were the strengths and/or weaknesses of the author(s) argument

Government 2 Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Government 2 - Dissertation Example 2.) If universal health-care access becomes a reality, what will happen to hospital emergency rooms? During the 2009 US elections, Presidential Candidate Obama offered the idea of amending the healthcare coverage of the country. This proposal was intended for the creation of a health insurance exchange, which would set up a government-backed insurance system in competition with private health insurance companies. However, numerous concerned politicians debated on this topic. Republicans, on one hand, believe that implementing Obama’s suggestion would lead to an increase in government expenditures by almost $2 trillion, an overwhelming tax burden to the American citizens. Worse, it does not take any serious steps to reduce costs for the health care system. Most Democrats argued that the country is ready to apply the universal health-care, which would guarantee the poverty-stricken Americans an outright health insurance. As of 2011, the US ranks 3rd in terms of population. Promu lgating Obama’s plan would lead to a decrease in mortality rate and inflation in the number of hospital patients, possibly resulting to crowded emergency rooms.

Incarceration Essay Example for Free

Incarceration Essay There has been a lot of discussion regarding the prison population in the United States but little efforts have been engaged in regard to the transformations observed in the composition of the jail population. The law enforcement agents are under obligation by the federal, state, and local authorities to arrest and confine individuals who are criminal suspects. It is the duty of our judicial system to imprison individuals who are crime convicts. The confinement that is imposed on individuals whether prior to or after conviction is what is referred to as incarceration. Any person irrespective of race, color, sex, and age is subject to incarceration at least in theory according to the constitution. Studies have however continued to show increasing imbalance in our penal institutions as more African Americans and Hispanics continue to account to a slightly larger percentage in comparison to the whites. This paper shall present an analysis of the structural inequality as observed in the judicial system within the United States. Structural Inequality: Structural inequality is something that is affecting virtually all societies around the world. This phenomenon however does not stem from the variations amongst individuals as generally thought, but it can be attributed to the meanings and values that individuals hold in regard to these variations. These values and meanings become systemized and thus the foundation of inequality in our society. The society becomes stratified based on differences between the individuals. This leads to a hierarchical society where prejudicial values and attitudes are developed which affects the views held by the different categories of individuals (Bartels-Ellis, 2010). The US is among the world’s most leading jailers with a rating of 750 imprisonments in every 100,000 individuals (Williams, 2009). The prison population is however disproportional with African Americans and the Hispanics and other minority groups accounting for a larger percentage compared to the majority whites. It is estimated that over 60% of the prison population is from the minority groups. The imbalance in the incarcerated population has been attributed to the war against drugs that has gained momentum in the recent past. This has had a toll on the minority groups though studies have continued to indicate that drug use is also a significant phenomenon amongst the whites. The judicial system has therefore been accused of racist discrimination when it comes to matters of fair and effective judgment (Williams, 2009). Racial Bias in the Judicial System: Racial inequalities have been observed when it comes to judicial matters in the United States. There are great variations in the incarceration of different racial groups that make up the population of the US (Martel, 2008). Studies have continued to reveal the unending trend of disparities in the criminal justice system as revealed by the United States Census Bureau in 2000. According to the Bureau, there is un-proportional representation in the incarceration within the US penal institutions which happens to favor the whites. As of the year 2000, out of close to 2 million adult prisoners, 63% were from the minority groups including the African Americans and Latinos. Such disparities are in contravention of the general population as it has been established that the minority groups account for only 25% of the general population (Human Rights Watch, 2002). Statistics: According to Families Against Mandatory Minimums (FAMM), in every twenty blacks aged over 18, one is likely to be in prison whereas for the whites, the imprisonment rate is put at one in every 180 individuals. The African Americans and the Hispanics comprise of about 2/3 of the prison population. As of the year 2001, African American males and Hispanic males had a higher chance of being imprisoned compared to the whites. The blacks had a 32. 2% chance; Hispanics 17. 2% chance; whereas the whites had a 6% chance. In the year 2003, African American prisoners accounted for a larger portion of those serving a term of more than one year at 44% of the prison population followed by the whites at 35% whereas the Hispanics accounted for the remaining 19% (Families Against Mandatory Minimums Foundation, 2010).